关键词: 生态治理政策, 交易成本, 沙漠化, 制度分析

Abstract:

This paper introduces transaction cost to the analysis on ecology management policy in sandy desertification areas, builds transaction cost analysis framework of ecology management policy, and determine the method to calculate the transaction cost. As a result, we estimate that the transaction cost in the project of restoring farmland to forest is about 4 931.92 Yuan·hm-2 every year，with government direct payment accounting for 50.06% and farmers taking 46.86% of the total transaction costs. Government direct payment takes 118.75% of the opportunity cost of restoring farmland to forest. The transaction cost in rest-grazing is 906.06 Yuan·hm-2 every year, with government direct payments accounting for 12.86% and farmers taking 80.35% of the total transaction cost. Government direct payment takes 23.30% of the opportunity cost of rest-grazing. The government direct payment of restoring farmland to forest is roughly the same as the opportunity cost of reusing farmland for other purposes. The figures indicate that the implementation of this policy has good effect, and the purpose of graze-prohibiting is achieved in restoring farmland to forest areas. The government payment for rest-grazing cannot reach 1/4 of the opportunity cost of rest-grazing, and the rate of grazing secretly is 100%, the purpose of rest-grazing cannot be achieved. The transaction cost analysis on ecological policy has great significance because of the new perspective it has provided for the ecology management policies performance evaluation and comparative study.

Key words: ecology management policy, transaction cost, sandy desertification, institution analysis