塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地辐射平衡和反照率变化特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00302

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 辐射平衡直接影响地气系统物质和能量交换，辐射平衡研究极其重要。本研究使用了2006年8月至2011年12月位于塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中的塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站地表辐射和反照率观测资料，分析了辐射平衡和地表反照率季节变化和年变化以及各种典型天气下日变化的特征，并与其他地区进行了对比。结果表明：沙漠腹地辐射平衡各分量最小值均出现在1月，各分量最大值出现时间不一致，其中短波辐射5月最大，长波辐射7月最大，而净辐射最大值在6月。各辐射分量夏季最大，冬季最小；总辐射四季平均日变化极值低于青藏高原，与黑河戈壁相差不大；反射辐射春季与夏季、秋季与冬季差值较小。短波辐射和净辐射各季日峰值出现在12：00，长波辐射各季日峰值出现时间比短波辐射滞后1～3 h。大气长波辐射各季日振幅较小，约为地面长波辐射的1/5～1/4，且地面长波辐射各季日变化为不对称分布；长波辐射各季日最小值都出现在日出前1 h。多云、浮尘和沙尘暴天气辐射平衡日变化不规则，云量和沙尘对辐射各分量影响明显；沙尘暴日，大气长波辐射峰值可增加18%，而总辐射、反射辐射、地面长波辐射和净辐射峰值分别衰减了57.8%、54.0%、55.8%和21.9%。地表反照率3月最大（0.30），7月最小（0.25），平均值为0.27；夏季小，冬季大；晴天早晨和傍晚大，沙尘暴日最大。

关键词: 塔克拉玛干沙漠, 辐射平衡, 地表反照率

Abstract: The land surface radiation balance directly influence the material and energy exchange between atmosphere and land surface. In this paper, the characteristics of the land surface radiation balance in Taklimakan Desert Atmosphere and Environment Observation and Experiment Station (38°58'N, 83°39'E) are analysed by using the data observed over the Taklimakan desert hinterland from August, 2006 to December, 2011.The annual variation, seasonal variation and diurnal variation of the land surface radiation and land surface albedo are analysed. The results show that the appear time were different in each land surface radiation balance components. The land surface radiation balance components are the least in January. The short-wave radiation, long-wave radiation and net radiation are the most in May, July and June, respectively. The land surface radiation balance is the maximum(least) in summer(winter). The maximum value of diurnal variation of global radiation is lower than in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, it is a little different from in the Heihe River basin gobi. The reflective radiation in spring and summer, autumn and winter are little different. The maximum value of solar radiation and net radiation appear at 12:00, and the long-wave radiation often lag 1-3 hours. The diurnal fluctuation of atmosphere long-wave radiation is small in each season, it is about 1/5-1/4 of ground long-wave radiation and appears as asymmetric distribution. The minimum values of atmosphere long-wave radiation in each season occur 1 hour before sunrise. The diurnal variation of land surface radiation balance is irregular under cloudy, dust and sandstorm weather. The land surface radiation components are obviously influenced by cloud cover and dust. The maximum value of atmospheric long-wave radiation increases by 18% under sandstorm. The maximum values of total radiation, reflective radiation, long wave radiation and net radiation reduced by 54%, 55.8%, 57.8% and 21.9%, respectively. The annual mean value of land surface albedo is 0.27. The average value of land surface albedo is the maximum(least) in March (July). The land surface albedo is the maximum(least) in winter(summer), and it is the maximum (least) in the morning and evening under clear day(sandstorm day).

Key words: Taklimakan Desert, land surface radiation balance, land surface albedo

中图分类号:

P422

金莉莉, 何清, 买买提艾力·买买提依明, 李振杰. 塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地辐射平衡和反照率变化特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2014, 34(1): 215-224.

Jin Lili, He Qing, Ali Mamtimin, Li Zhenjie. Characteristics of the Land Surface Radiation Balance and Land Surface Albedo in the Taklimakan Desert Hinterland[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2014, 34(1): 215-224.

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