1971-2013年环渤海地区风速的时空特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00140

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于环渤海地区60个站点1971-2013年日序列最大风速数据,采用线性倾向估计、Mann-kendall检验、反距离加权插值、小波分析等方法,分析了近年来环渤海地区风速的年、季节的变化趋势及其空间分异等特征。结果表明:(1)环渤海地区年均最大风速为6.35 m·s^-1,并以0.423 m·s^-1的年代变化速率呈显著的下降趋势。区内除承德、丰宁和阜新站点呈略微上升趋势,其余站点均呈下降趋势,整体上表现为南部下降幅度高而北部下降幅度低。四季最大风速也均呈显著的下降趋势,冬、春季的最大风速对全年趋势演变贡献率较大。(2)偏北风(尤其是北西北风)和偏南风(尤其是南西南风)是本区的主要风向。春、夏两季以偏南风为主要风向,秋、冬两季则以偏北风为主要风向。(3)环渤海地区最大风速减少的主要原因是各站点日最大风速为5级及以上的发生频率分别以0.912、0.671、0.271、0.076 d·a^-1的速率呈下降趋势;大风频率也以1.019 d.a^-1的速率呈下降趋势。冬半年是本区大风日数相对较多的时段,春季尤甚。(4)本区多数地区属大风较少区和较多区,其中大风较多区的站点最多(31个),而大风频发区的站点最少(仅4个)。位于大风较少区的站点数增长迅速,而大风较多区、多发区和频发区的站点数则均呈现下降趋势。最大风速与大风日数均具有25～30 a的显著振荡周期。

关键词: 最大风速, 大风日数, 风向, 气候变化, 环渤海地区

Abstract:

Based on daily maximum wind speed data from 60 meteorological stations, this study analyzed the spatial and temporal character of annual and seasonal wind speed during 1971-2013 in the Bohai Rim Region by the method of Linear trend estimation, Mann-kendall test, Wavelet analysis and IDW. Results indicated that: (1) The annual maximum wind speed was 6.35 m·s^-1 and it showed significantly decreased trends with the decadal ratio of 0.423 m·s^-1 in the Bohai Rim Region. Most meteorological stations showed downward trend and different spatial distribution. The declined degree was high in southern Bohai Rim Region while northern Bohai Rim Region was low overall. Besides, seasonal maximum wind speed also appeared significantly decreased trends and the contribution rates of spring and winter to annual maximum wind speed were higher. (2) Northerly winds (especially north northwest wind) and southerly winds (especially south southwest) were the main wind direction in this area. In addition, southerly winds were the prevailing wind in spring and summer while northerly winds were the main wind direction in autumn and winter. (3)The reason why the maximum wind speed decreased significantly was that the decreasing of the frequency of the daily maximum wind speed with a scale ≥5 respectively at the rate of 0.912, 0.671, 0.271, 0.076 d·a^-1. Meanwhile, the frequency of the gale showed decreased trend with the ratio of 1.019 d·a^-1. The period that gale day appeared relatively occured in winter and spring, especially in spring. 4) According to the annual mean frequency of gales in the Bohai Rim Region, four sub-regions can be divided. They are fewer gale region (<10 d), more gale region (10-50 d), much more gale region (50-100 d), frequent region (>100 d). Most parts of the Bohai Rim Region were fewer gale region and more gale region, and the most meteorological stations lies in more gale region while the lowest sites lies in frequent region. Besides, the annual average gale days show rapid growing trend in fewer gale region while it shows decreased tendency in more gale region, much more gale regions and frequent regions. In addition, maximum wind speed and gale day have several oscillating period.

Key words: maximum wind speed, gale day, wind direction, climate change, Bohai Rim Region

中图分类号:

P467

曹永旺, 延军平. 1971-2013年环渤海地区风速的时空特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2015, 35(5): 1320-1329.

Cao Yongwang, Yan Junping. Spatial-temporal Analysis of Wind Speed in the Bohai RimRegion during 1971-2013[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2015, 35(5): 1320-1329.

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