甘肃省不同气候区蒸发量变化特征及其影响因子研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 蒸发量是研究水分平衡和气候变化的一个非常重要的参数。众多研究普遍认为,近几十年来,国内外大部分区域蒸发量总体上呈下降趋势,且认为太阳总辐射、净辐射、日照时数以及风速的减小是造成蒸发下降的主要原因。研究也发现,在不同的区域,因地形、地理位置以及气候的差异,蒸发量的变化趋势、变化幅度和主要影响因子也存在差异。利用甘肃省4个不同气候区代表站1970—2007年的实测气象资料,分析了近38 a来各站潜在蒸发量及20 cm蒸发皿蒸发量的变化特征,同时,通过分析各站主要气象要素的变化特征,探讨了影响各站蒸发量变化的主要气象因子。结果表明,与国内外大多数区域不同,近38 a来,甘肃省4个不同气候区代表站的蒸发皿蒸发量均呈增加趋势,且从暖干区向冷湿区,蒸发皿蒸发量依次由明显的增加趋势逐渐转变为不变或微弱的增加趋势;位于亚热带湿润区的文县和暖干区的敦煌站潜在蒸发量均呈下降趋势;位于高寒湿润区的玛曲站,潜在蒸发量表现为微弱的上升趋势;中温带干旱区马鬃山站潜在蒸发量表现为明显的上升趋势;各气候区中蒸发的影响因子有所不同,但无论是干旱区还是湿润区,动力因子——风速的显著减小是导致潜在蒸发量显著减少的最重要原因,而热力因子是影响蒸发皿蒸发量的主要因子。

关键词: 潜在蒸发量, 蒸发皿蒸发量, 影响因子, 气候区

Abstract: Decreasing trends of pan evaporation and potential evapotranspiration in many regions of the world have been investigated by researchers all over the world, and it is recognized that the decline tendency of global radiation, net radiation, sunshine duration and wind speed are the main reasons for the decreasing of pan evaporation and potential evapotranspiration. However, it is also suggested that the trends, the changing range and the main impact factors are varied in different regions because of the different terrains, different locations and different climate types. Based on the climatic data from 4 meteorological stations in the different climate regions in Gansu province during 1970—2007, the potential evapotranspirations(ET0) and pan evaporation(EΦ20) are analyzed in this paper. And through a partial correlation analysis, the major climate factors which affect ET0 and EΦ20 are also analyzed. Results are as follows:(1) In recent 38 years, the annual EΦ20 have increased in all of the four climatic stations, and it changed from the obvious increase in the drier and warmer region（Dunhuang）to the little increase in the colder and more humid region（Maqu); (2) The annual ET0 in Dunhuang and Wenxian show a obvious decrease tendency during the past 38 years; increased slightly in the colder and more humid region (Maqu); increased obviously in Mazongshan in mid temperate arid zone; (3) Generally, wind speed have great impact on the ET0 and the decline tendency of wind speed appears to be the major cause for the negative trend of the ET0 in all regions. On the other hand, the heat factors like net radiation has a great impact on the EΦ20.

Key words: potential evapotranspiration, pan evaporation, impact factors, climate regions

中图分类号:

P426.2

王素萍;张存杰;韩永翔. 甘肃省不同气候区蒸发量变化特征及其影响因子研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2010, 30(3): 675-680.

WANG Su-ping;ZHANG Cun-jie;HAN Yong-xiang. Trend of Potentia1 Evapotranspiration and Pan Evaporation and Their Main Impact Factors in Different Climate Regions of Gansu Province[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2010, 30(3): 675-680.

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