中国黄土高原土壤湿度的气候响应

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用中国黄土高原59个气象站1961—2002年月降水量和29个农业气象观测站从建站到2002年逐年4—10月旬土壤重量含水率资料,分析了黄土高原土壤湿度的地域和时间分布特征以及土壤湿度对生态的影响。结果表明：①黄土高原4—10月土壤湿度与降水量的地理分布有较好的一致性,两者都从东南向西北减少。受六盘山和太行山阻挡东南季风影响,在陇中和晋中黄土高原出现一条南北向的干舌;黄土高原半干旱气候区降水和土壤湿度等值线梯度大,气候变化敏感。②采用年降水量和变差系数把中国黄土高原土壤湿度划分为5个气候区域：草原化荒漠带土壤严重失墒区,荒漠草原带土壤失墒区;草原带土壤失墒区;森林草原带土壤湿度周期亏缺区;森林带土壤湿度周期亏缺区。前3个气候区位于黄土高原中北部,经雨季之后,土壤水分不能得到有效恢复,土壤经常处于重旱或轻旱状态。后2个气候区位于黄土高原南部,经雨季之后,土壤水分能得到有效恢复,土壤有季节性缺水现象。③影响土壤湿度的主要因素是降水,但气温也有不可忽视的作用。近20 a来,中国黄土高原降水减少,气温升高,土壤湿度有下降的趋势。

关键词: 中国黄土高原, 土壤湿度, 气候响应

Abstract: This article analyzes the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of soil moisture in loess plateau of China and the effect on ecology according to the monthly precipitation date of 59 weather stations from 1961 to 2002 and the every ten-days date of water content of April to October year after year up to 2002 from 29 agricultural meteorological observation stations. The result shows that: ①The soil moisture of April to October in loess plateau matches well with the geographic distribution of precipitation, both reduce from southeast to northwest. Affected by the Southeast monsoon, which is hindered by Liupan Mountain and Taihang Mountain, there is a long and narrow drought region from south to north in middle Gansu Province, so as in middle Shanxi Province. The precipitation and soil moisture in semi-arid region change sharply in space and sensitive to climate changes. ②The soil moisture of loess plateau in China is divided into 5 climatic regions by annual precipitation and variance coefficient. They are the steppe desert region where soil loses moisture severely, the desert steppe region where soil loses moisture, the steppe region where soil loses moisture, the forest steppe region where soil periodically loses moisture and the forest region where soil periodically lacks moisture. The former three climatic regions locate in the middle and north of loess plateau, the soil moisture in these regions cannot be restored after rainy season and soil switches frequently in heavy drought and light drought. The latter two climatic regions are in the south of loess plateau, the soil moisture is recovered during and after rainy season, and nevertheless the soil still exist seasonal water deficit in these regions. ③Soil moisture is mainly influenced by precipitation, but temperature also plays an important role on soil moisture. In recent 20 years, the precipitation has been reducing and the temperature has been rising in the loess plateau of China, so the soil moisture is on the trend to decline.

Key words: the loess plateau in China, soil moisture, climatic response

中图分类号:

csy505@ tom.com

陈少勇;董安祥. 中国黄土高原土壤湿度的气候响应[J]. 中国沙漠, 2008, 28(1): 66-72.

CHEN Shao yong;DONG An xiang. Climatic Response of Soil Moisture on Loess Plateau in China[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2008, 28(1): 66-72.

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