高寒河谷灌丛冠层降雨再分配特征及影响因素

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过植被冠层的降雨被分割成冠层截留、穿透雨和树干茎流3个部分,这个过程（冠层降雨再分配）是高寒河谷灌丛生态演变的关键驱动因子之一,对于认识高寒河谷灌丛的水文循环过程及水分收支规律也具有重要意义。选取青海湖流域最重要的河谷灌丛——具鳞水柏枝作为研究对象,通过野外定点观测,深入分析了冠层降雨再分配特征及影响因素\.结果显示:①穿透雨量、树干茎流量、冠层截留量占同期降雨量的比例平均为48.40%、4.04%和47.56%,并在不同降雨量等级之间存在显著差异;②冠层降雨再分配各组成要素（穿透雨、树干茎流、冠层截留）与降雨特征参数存在高度相关性,伴随降雨量和降雨历时的增加,穿透雨量、树干茎流量、冠层截留量占同期降雨量的比例均逐渐趋于稳定,极限稳定值分别介于60.45%～61.07%、6.45%～7.42%、33.11%～34.17%;③产生穿透雨和树干茎流的临界降雨量分别为1.10 mm和1.87 mm,表明2 mm以下的降雨对土壤水分的补给基本没有贡献。因此,高寒河谷灌丛冠层降雨再分配与其他林木类型存在明显差异,需要深入研究其内在机制及水分利用规律。

关键词: 冠层, 降雨再分配, 河谷灌丛, 青海湖流域

Abstract: Rainfall is partitioned into three parts through the vegetable canopy: interception, throughfall, and stemflow. This process (rainfall canopy partitioning) is a key driving force for the ecological evolution of riparian shrub in the alpine region, and is also helpful to understand the hydrological process and water budget of riparian shrub. As the most important riparian shrub in the Qinghai Lake Watershed, Myricaria squamosa is chosen as the research object. Based on field experiments, this study analyzes rainfall canopy partitioning and influencing factors. Results indicate that: (1) Throughfall, stemflow and interception account for 48.40%, 4.04%, 47.56% of the simultaneous rainfall, respectively, and theses percentages vary significantly under different rainfall grades. (2) The correlation between the three parts of rainfall canopy partitioning and rainfall characteristics factors is significant. Throughfall, stemflow, interception would increase positively with the increase of rainfall amount and rainfall duration, and their rates in the total rainfall would become more and more stable, with ultimate values of 60.45%~61.07%, 6.45%~7.42%, and 33.11%~34.17%, respectively. (3) The critical rainfall amounts for the occurrence of throughfall and stemflow are 1.10 mm and 1.87 mm, respectively, which show that the rainfall less than 2 mm is not useful for soil water enhancement. Therefore, there is an obvious difference for rainfall canopy partitioning between riparian shrub and other trees, and a further study of its internal mechanisms and water utilization laws is essential.

Key words: canopy, rainfall partitioning, riparian shrub, Qinghai Lake Watershed

中图分类号:

Q945.17

马育军, 高尚玉, 李小雁, 鲁瑞洁, 张思毅, 李广泳. 高寒河谷灌丛冠层降雨再分配特征及影响因素[J]. 中国沙漠, 2012, 32(4): 963-971.

MA Yu-jun, GAO Shang-yu, LI Xiao-yan, LU Rui-jie, ZHANG Si-yi, LI Guang-yong. Rainfall Canopy Partitioning and Its Influencing Factors of Riparian Shrub in the Alpine Region[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2012, 32(4): 963-971.

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