北京市大兴区大气降尘环境磁学特征及其环境意义

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00119

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

应用环境磁学方法对北京市大兴区大气降尘环境磁学特征进行了系统研究,并通过与北京市朝阳区、兰州市大气降尘环境磁学特征的对比,对环境磁学在污染物来源解析及扩散条件研究中的应用机理进行了探讨。结果表明,大兴区大气降尘磁性矿物含量明显高于本区表土,人为源影响显著;降尘样品磁学特征主要受磁铁矿控制,并含有一定数量的磁赤铁矿,磁性矿物为准单畴和多畴颗粒;大兴区降尘样品的磁性矿物含量明显低于朝阳区,且样品颗粒相对较细,表明人口密度、车流量、城市发达度对大气污染程度存在显著影响;大兴区与兰州市大气降尘磁性矿物含量的季节变化差异表明,燃煤取暖对北京大气质量的影响显著减弱,燃煤锅炉改造是大气污染防治的重要措施之一。气象因素对大气颗粒物浓度变化有重要影响,降水、低气压和高风速利于大气颗粒物的清除和扩散,低气温对大气颗粒物污染的负面影响显著。

关键词: 大气降尘, 环境磁学, 北京市大兴区, 气象要素, 采暖期

Abstract:

We investigated the magnetic characteristics of the dustfall samples collected from Daxing District of Beijing by using the magnetic methods.Furthermore, we explored the application of environmental magnetism to the source apportionment and diffusion of pollutants based on the comparison of the magnetic analysis results to that of dustfall sampled from Chaoyang District of Beijing and Lanzhou, respectively.The results reveal that the concentration of magnetic mineral in dustfall sampled from Daxing District is much higher than that in the topsoil of the same area. The main magnetic minerals in the dustfall are magnetite and maghemite, and the main magnetic grain sizes are mainly pseudo single-domain(PSD) and multi-domain(MD). The content of magnetic mineral in dustfall sampled from Chaoyang District is much higher than that from Daxing District, which implies that air pollution was significantly affected by population density, traffic condition and the urbanization level. The seasonal variability of the content of magnetic mineral in dustfall sampled from Daxing District and Lanzhou indicates that the air quality of Beijing has been improved by the reduced impacts of coal-firing. Inferred from meteorological data, we found that local precipitation, low pressure and high wind speed were conducive to the removal as well as diffusion of atmospheric particulate matter, while low temperature has a significant negative impact on that.

Key words: dustfall, environmental magnetism, Daxing District of Beijing, meteorological elements, heating period

中图分类号:

X513

田世丽1, 夏敦胜1,2, 余晔1, 王博2, 许淑婧2. 北京市大兴区大气降尘环境磁学特征及其环境意义[J]. 中国沙漠, 2013, 33(3): 832-839.

TIAN Shi-li1, XIA Dun-sheng1,2, YU Ye1, WANG Bo2, XU Shu-jing2. Magnetic Characteristics of Dustfall in Daxing District, Beijing, China and Its Environmental Implications[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2013, 33(3): 832-839.

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