塔里木河下游生态需水估算

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00169

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

量化生态需水是流域水权分配的重要依据。以塔里木河下游大西海子水库至尾闾台特玛湖段为研究区,借助湿周法计算了该段河道内最小生态需水量,并基于2009年和2010年河段地下水分布特征,计算沿线河道两岸各1 km范围地下水恢复至目标埋深(5～4 m)的地下水恢复量,采用潜水蒸发法和面积定额法估算了沿线天然植被生态需水量。结果表明：（1）塔里木河下游大西海子-台特玛湖河道内年最小生态需水量为1.455×108 m3；（2）以5年为恢复期限,确定该河段地下水埋深恢复至5～4 m的年恢复需水量为0.608×108～1.466×108 m3；（3）取潜水蒸发法和面积定额法计算结果均值,确定研究区天然植被生态需水量为1.042×108 m3；（4）综合考虑,塔里木河下游大西海子-台特玛湖年生态需水总量为3.105×108～3.963×108 m3。

关键词: 生态需水, 河道基础流量, 地下水恢复, 天然植被, 塔里木河下游

Abstract:

Quantification of the ecological water requirement is an important basis for basin water rights allocation. The downstream of Tarim River from the Daxihaizi Reservoir to the Taitema Lake was chosen as studied area. The minimum ecological water requirement of the inside river was calculated with the wetted perimeter method. Based on the river groundwater distribution features during 2009-2010, the quantity of groundwater along the river sides 1 km range was calculated to recover the groundwater to the target groundwater depth of 5-4 m. The phreatic evaporation method and the quota-area method were applied to evaluate the ecological water requirement of the natural vegetation in the studied area. The results showed that: 1) The annual minimum ecological water requirement of the inside river in the lower reaches of the Tarim River from Daxihaizi to the Taitema Lake was 1.455×108 m3; 2) Take 5 a as recovery period, the annual water requirement would be 0.608×108-1.466×108 m3 to recover the groundwater depth of studied area to 5-4 m; 3) Ecological water requirement of the natural vegetation in the studied area was 1.042×108 m3 based on the average results of the phreatic evaporation method and the quota-area method; 4) The total quantity of annual ecological water requirement in the lower reaches of the Tarim River from Daxihaizi to the Taitema Lake was 3.105×108-3.963×108 m3.

Key words: ecological water requirement, base flow, groundwater restoration, natural vegetation, lower reaches of Tarim River

中图分类号:

X143

刘新华1,2, 徐海量1, 凌红波1, 白元1, 傅荩仪1, 赵新风1. 塔里木河下游生态需水估算[J]. 中国沙漠, 2013, 33(4): 1198-1205.

LIU Xin-hua1,2, XU Hai-liang1, LING Hong-bo1, BAI Yuan1, FU Jin-yi1, ZHAO Xin-feng1. Ecological Water Requirements in the Lower Reaches of the Tarim River[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2013, 33(4): 1198-1205.

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