1980—2010年中国区域地面风速对能见度影响的地理分布特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00246

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用1980—2010年中国气象局576个气象站的能见度和日平均风速资料,分别分析了中国区域低能见度下风速的空间分布、能见度与风速之间的相关关系、风速变化对能见度变化的影响,讨论了城市化效应和近海地理位置对其影响程度。结果表明:在低能见度（小于10 km）状况下,从内蒙古到新疆东部的沙漠及干旱地区对应的是高风速,在广大东部、南部地区,特别是四川盆地地区对应的是低风速（2 m·s-1以下）;类似地理学的胡焕庸线,中国大陆存在一条东北—西南走向的界线,以此界线划分,能见度与风速关系呈现“东正西负”型分布。界线以西地区包括中国沙漠及相邻干旱及半干旱地区,一年四季中能见度和风速均呈负相关关系,尤其春季最为明显,这表明这些地区能见度的恶化主要取决于大风驱动的沙尘气溶胶排放及传输。在界线以东地区,能见度和风速呈正相关,并且其正相关以秋冬季最强;夏季,盛行的西南季风使能见度与风速关系的“东正西负”分界线北移且其正负相关均为最弱,说明夏季影响能见度的因素相对其他季节更为复杂;东部地区能见度的变化对风速变化响应较小;在四川盆地、贵州至广西和巴丹吉林沙漠地区能见度对风速响应更为敏感,在这些地区风速在对能见度影响中起到重要作用;大城市的能见度对风速响应的敏感程度略微高于中小城市及乡村,说明城市化影响存在但效果有限;近海岸地区因受海陆风影响,响应的敏感度较内陆小且季节变化不明显。

关键词: 地面风速, 能见度, 气象条件, 胡焕庸线

Abstract:

By using the observational data of horizontal atmospheric visibility and wind speed from 576 meteorological stations in Chinese weather monitoring network from 1980 to 2010, this study is focused on the issues including the spatial distributions of wind speed under low atmospheric visibility, the relation between atmospheric visibility and wind speed and the sensitivity of atmospheric visibility changes to wind speed with analyzing its connection to urbanization and the coastal locations. The results indicate that high wind speed corresponds with low atmospheric visibility over the zone with the major deserts in Northern China stretching from Inner Mongolia to eastern Xinjiang, while low wind speed with low atmospheric visibility in the southern and eastern parts of China with the weakest surface wind (<2 m\5s-1) in the Sichuan Basin. Similarly to the geographic "Hu Line", a demarcation line for the relation of surface wind to atmospheric visibility is found from northeastern to southwestern China with a pattern of the negative (positive) relationships between atmospheric visibility and wind speed on the west (east) of the line. On west of the line, the negative relationships persist in the whole year in the major desert regions and the adjacent arid and semi-arid areas in Northern China, reflecting that the deterioration of atmospheric visibility could be resulted from the transportation and emission of dust aerosols driven by strong winds especially in spring; On east of the line, the positive relationships between atmospheric visibility and wind speed are stronger in autumn and winter. In summer the demarcation line is advanced northwards by East Asian summer monsoon, and the connections of atmospheric visibility to wind speed become weaker in Eastern China, implying that the summertime factors influencing atmospheric visibility are more complicated. The sensitivity of atmospheric visibility changes to wind speed is regionally higher in Sichuan Basin, Guizhou and Guangxi as well as the Badain Jaran Desert where the winds play important role in variations of atmospheric visibility. The sensitivity of atmospheric visibility to wind speed in the urban regions is a little higher than in the rural areas with the limited effect of urbanization. Due to the breeze in coastal stations, the sensitivity of atmospheric visibility to wind speed is weaker with the insignificant seasonal variation compared to the inland stations.

Key words: surface wind speed, atmospheric visibility, meteorological conditions, Hu Line

中图分类号:

P425.6

程叙耕1, 何金海1, 车慧正2, 赵天良3, 郑小波4. 1980—2010年中国区域地面风速对能见度影响的地理分布特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2013, 33(6): 1832-1839.

CHENG Xu-geng1, HE Jin-hai1, CHE Hui-zheng2, ZHAO Tian-liang3, ZHENG Xiao-bo4. Impact of Surface Wind Speed on Atmospheric Visibility and Its Geographic Pattern over China in 1980-2010[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2013, 33(6): 1832-1839.

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