中国内陆干旱、半干旱区苦咸水分布特征

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00349

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过大量野外调查、水样采集和化验分析，对中国内陆干旱、半干旱区的苦咸水和高氟水分布特征进行了初步研究。采集到的地表和地下水样中，分别有51.0%和41.5%属于苦咸水；55%和59%水样氟化物含量超标，属于高氟水。研究区的苦咸水以Cl^--Na⁺和HCO₃^--Na⁺为主要离子类型，SO₄^2--Mg²⁺和SO₄^2--Ca²⁺为次要离子类型。苦咸水和高氟水主要分布在内陆河流域下游尾闾、封闭内流区低洼湖盆低地、北部准平原化干燥剥蚀低山残丘间冲积洼地、沙漠低洼湖盆和黄土高原中西部径流系数较小的河流及部分露头潜水等区域，并具有区域富集性分布特点。季节性降水、季节性河流或渠系灌溉对苦咸水的季节性或年际间变化和空间分布有较大影响。较高浓度基质含盐量、水文地质结构、气候条件和特定的水文地球化学环境是苦咸水和高氟水形成与富集分布的主要原因。

关键词: 苦咸水, 矿化度, 硫酸盐, 氟化物, 干旱、半干旱区

Abstract: By surveying in large areas, sampling and laboratory testing in recent years, the characteristics and distribution of brackish water in the arid and semi-arid interior of China were investigated thoroughly. The results of water chemical analysis showed that 51.0% and 41.5% of surface and groundwater samples respectively exceede the threshold of Brackish water, and 55% and 59% exceed the threshold of high-fluorid water, with the primary and secondary ions of Cl^--Na⁺, HCO₃^--Na⁺ and SO₄^2--Mg²⁺, SO₄^2--Ca²⁺ respectively, implying that the brackish and high-fluorid water were distributed widely in the studied area. Spatially, the brackish water and high-fluorid water were distributed in the lower reaches of inland river of the Hexi Corridor, lower land of deserts and intervals of western Inner Mongolia, western Loess Plateau, and Ordos Plateau. It was characterized by enrichment distribution of fluorid and some primary ions such as Na⁺, Cl^-, and some secondary ions such as SO₄^2-, Mg²⁺. There are several factors which conduces brackish water and high-fluorid water wide distribution in the studied area, such as higher salty content in aquifers, the hydrogeological construction, climatic condition and special geochemistry surroundings. Nevertheless, seasonal rainfall and runoff, irrigating water may influence on the variability of the content of total dissolved solids, sulphate and fluorid and the spatial distribution of brackish water and high-fluorid water in arid and semi-arid interior of China.

Key words: brackish water, total dissolved solids, sulphate, fluorid, arid and semi-arid interior

中图分类号:

TV211.1

俄有浩, 严平, 李文赞, 马玉风. 中国内陆干旱、半干旱区苦咸水分布特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2014, 34(2): 565-573.

E Youhao, Yan Ping, Li Wenzan, Ma Yufeng. Characteristics and Distribution of Brackish Water in Arid and Semi-arid Interior of China[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2014, 34(2): 565-573.

参考文献

[1] 李向全,余秋生,侯新伟,等.宁南清水河盆地地下水循环特征与苦咸水成因[J].水文地质工程地质,2006,1:46-51.
[2] 周承刚,白喜庆.宁夏南部地区苦咸水化地下水的形成机理浅析[J].地球科学,2002,23:29-31.
[3] 戴向前,刘昌明,李明娟.我国农村饮水安全问题探讨与对策[J].地理学报,2007,62(9):907-916.
[4] 王双合,胡兴林,蓝永超,等.甘肃省苦咸水资源量及时空分布规律研究[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(5):995-1002.
[5] 解建仓,张建龙,朱记伟,等.马莲河苦咸水来源分析及治理方案[J].资源科学,2011,33(1):77-85.
[6] 张小岳.黄骅市苦咸水资源评价及其利用初步研究[D].石家庄:河北农业大学,2012.
[7] 陈颂平.黄土高原流域降水与苦成水河流的关系分析[J].甘肃水利水电技术,2010,46(3):1-6.
[8] 魏国孝,朱锡芬,马金珠,等.兰山至吉兰泰盐湖的水化学特征及演化规律[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(5):1330-1336.
[9] 李文赞,严平,刘永刚,等.库姆塔格沙漠东北缘浅层地下水补给来源[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(6):1617-1622.
[10] 刘兆昌,李广贺,朱琨.供水水文地质[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002:57-67.
[11] Samir E M,Hafez A.A new chemical classification system of natural waters for desalination and other industrial uses[J].Desalination,2003,156:163-180.
[12] Xu P,Drewes J E,Heil D,et al.Treatment of brackish produced water using carbon aerogel-based capacitive deionization technology[J].Water Research,2008,42:2605-2617.
[13] 王菁,孟祥周,陈玲,等.苦咸水成因及其淡化技术研究进展[J].甘肃农业科技,2010,7:39-42.
[14] 冯宾春,赵卫全.风能海水(苦咸水)淡化现状[J].水利水电技术,2009,40(9):8-11.
[15] 李文明,吕建国.苦咸水淡化技术现状及展望[J].甘肃科技,2012,28(17):76-80.
[16] 全国爱卫会，卫生部.GB5749-2006生活饮用水卫生标准[S].2006.
[17] 全国爱卫会,卫生部.农村实施《生活饮用水卫生标准》准则[S].1991.
[18] 沈辉.盐池地区地下水中氟的来源和富集规律研究[D].北京:中国地质科学院,2005.
[19] 王根绪,程国栋.西北干旱区水中氟的分布规律及环境特征[J].地理科学,2000,20(2):153-159.
[20] 来婷婷,王乃昂,黄银洲,等.2002年腾格里沙漠湖泊季节变化研究[J].湖泊科学,2012,24(6):957-964.
[21] 黎立群.地下水化学类型的划分和制图[J].土壤通报,1963,(6):15-18.
[22] 赵华,马金珠,朱高峰,等.甘肃省民勤盆地地下水环境变化及原因探讨[J].干旱区研究,2004,21(3):210-214.
[23] 杨郧城,沈照理,文冬光,等.鄂尔多斯白垩系地下水盆地硫酸盐的水文地球化学特征及来源[J].地球学报,2008,29(5):553-562.
[24] 李文鹏.甘肃省民勤盆地深层淡水及表层咸水成因[J].地质评论,1991,37(6):546-554.