大赖草（Leymus racemosus）结实格局

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00405

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 连续2年对新疆阿勒泰地区荒漠植物大赖草（Leymus racemosus）居群（公路附近沙丘平坦处，P1；农田周围沙丘平坦处，P2；周围积水沙丘中下部，P3；多个沙丘中间平坦处，P4；多个沙丘中间隆起处，P5）、小穗间和小穗内的结实格局进行了比较研究。结果表明：（1）2011年大赖草的穗长、穗宽、总花数、结实率和大种子比率都高于2012年，小种子数低于2012年；2年的结实率在5个居群间均表现为P2 >P3 >P1 >P5 >P4。（2）每花序内不同小穗的穗宽、总花数和结实率表现为中部 >下部 >上部。（3）每小穗均有3.7 ± 0.56朵花、0.6 ± 0.09粒种子，小穗基部的结实率较高。大赖草结实率在年际和不同环境下波动较大，水分和温度是影响其结实格局的主要因素；小穗间及小穗内的资源分配符合资源竞争假说。大赖草花多果少的结实格局是适应荒漠资源贫瘠、干旱少雨气候条件的一种生殖保障。

关键词: 大赖草（Leymus racemosus）, 结实格局, 资源限制, 资源分配

Abstract: The fruit-set patterns of the different populations, different part of an ear and spikelets of desert plants Leymus racemosus was studied for two years. The results showed that: (1) the proportion of the panicle length, spike width, total flowers numbers, seed setting rate and large seeds of L. racemosus in all five populations in 2011 were higher than that in 2012; but the numbers of small seeds were higher in 2012 than in 2011; Seed setting rates in the 5 populations were P2 >P3 >P1 >P5 >P4. (2) The sequence of The panicle length, spike width, numbers of total flowers and seed setting rate of spikelets on different part of ear were showed middle part >lower part >upper part. (3) The flowers and seeds on per spikelet were 3.7±0.56 and 0.6±0.09, respectively. And the seed setting rate on the base part of spikelet reached the highest level. By combining 2 years observation of climatic factors and different populations' environmental conditions in the period of duration, and found that the seed setting rate of L. racemosus is very sensitive to the inter-annual and environmental changes. That moisture and temperature are the main factors that influence the fruit-set patterns of L. racemosus. The resources allocation in the different part of an ear and spikelets match with the resources competition hypothesis. The characters as more flowers and less fruit of L. racemosus is a kind of reproductive assurance that adapt to the arid and rainless, and leanness desert resources environment.

Key words: Leymus racemosus, fruit-set patterns, resource constraints, resource allocation

中图分类号:

Q948.15

古丽娜儿·阿不来提, 周桂玲, 阿依吐尔汗·热依木. 大赖草（Leymus racemosus）结实格局[J]. 中国沙漠, 2014, 34(4): 1037-1041.

Gulnar Ablat, Zhou Guiling, Ayturhan Rayim. Fruit-Set Patterns of Leymus racemosus[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2014, 34(4): 1037-1041.

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