[1] 潘保田,李吉均.青藏高原:全球气候变化的驱动机与放大器—Ⅲ.青藏高原隆起对气候变化的影响[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),1996(1):108-115.[2] 冯松,汤懋苍.青藏高原是我国气候变化启动区的新证据[J].科学通报,1998(6):633-636.[3] Klein J A,Harte J,Zhao X Q.Experimental warming causes large and rapid species loss,dampened by simulated grazing,on the Tibetan Plateau[J].Ecology Letters,2004,7(12):1170-1179.[4] 姚檀栋,朱立平.青藏高原环境变化对全球变化的响应及其适应对策[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(5):459-464.[5] IPCC.Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis[M].http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/.[6] Wang B,Bao Q,Hoskins B,et al.Tibetan Plateau warming and precipitation changes in east Asia[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2008,35:L14702.[7] Yao T,Pu J,Lu A,et al.Recent glacial retreat and its impact on hydrological processes on the Tibetan Plateau,China,and surrounding regions[J].Arctic,Antarctic, and Alpine Research,2007,39(4):642-650.[8] Lei Y B,Yao T D,Bird B W,et al.Coherent lake growth on the central Tibetan Plateau since the 1970s:characterization and attribution[J].Journal of Hydrology,2013,483:61-67.[9] Cheng G D,Wu T H.Responses of permafrost to climate change and their environmental significance,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2007,112:F02S03.[10] Wu Q B,Zhang T J.Recent permafrost warming on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2008,113:D13108.[11] Wang G X,Wang Y B,Li Y S,et al.Influences of alpine ecosystem responses to climatic change on soil properties on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau,China[J].Catena,2007,70(3):506-514.[12] Xue X,Guo J,Han B S,et al.The effect of climate warming and permafrost thaw on desertification in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J].Geomorphology,2009,108:182-190.[13] Yi S H,Zhou Z Y,Ren S L,et al.Effects of permafrost degradation on alpine grassland in a semi-arid basin on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau[J]. Environmental Research Letters,2011,6:045403.[14] 徐翠,张林波,杜加强,等.三江源区高寒草甸退化对土壤水源涵养功能的影响[J].生态学报,2013,33(8):2388-2399.[15] 李婧,杜岩功,张法伟,等.草毡表层演化对高寒草甸水源涵养功能的影响[J].草地学报,2012,20(5):836-841.[16] Zhou H K,Zhao X Q,Tang Y H,et al.Alpine grassland degradation and its control in the source region of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers,China[J]. Grassland Science,2005,51:191-203.[17] 周华坤,赵新全,周立,等.青藏高原高寒草甸的植被退化与土壤退化特征研究[J].草业学报,2005,14(3):31-41.[18] Wang G X,Liu G S,Li C J,et al.The variability of soil thermal and hydrological dynamics with vegetation cover in a permafrost region[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2012,162:44-57.[19] 王介民.陆面过程实验和地气相互作用研究—从HEIFE到IMGRASS和GAME-Tibet/TIPEX[J].高原气象,1999,18(3):280-294.[20] 王长庭,王启兰,景增春,等.不同放牧梯度下高寒小嵩草草甸植被根系和土壤理化特征的变化[J].草业学报,2008,17(5):9-15.[21] 王根绪,沈永平,钱鞠,等.高寒草地植被覆盖变化对土壤水分循环影响研究[J].冰川冻土,2003,25(6):653-659.[22] 李春杰,王根绪,任东兴,等.风火山流域土壤入渗特征与环境因子的关系分析[J].水土保持通报,2009,29(6):16-33.[23] Wang G X,Wang Y B,Li Y S,et al.Influences of alpine ecosystem responses to climatic change on soil properties on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China[J].Catena,2007,70(3):506-514.[24] 周幼吾,郭东信,邱国庆,等.中国冻土[M].北京:科学出版社,2000:329-353.[25] 全国土壤普查办公室.中国土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:773-804.[26] Li N,Wang G X,Yang Y,et al.Plant production,and carbon and nitrogen source pools,are strongly intensified by experimental warming in alpine ecosystems in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2010,43:942-953.[27] Yang Y H,Fang J Y,Ji C J,et al.Above- and belowground biomass allocation in Tibetan grasslands[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,2009,20(1):177-184.[28] Agrawal A,Gopal K.Application of Diversity Index in Measurement of Species Diversity[M]//Biomonitoring of Water and Waste Water.Springer India,2013:41-48.[29] Lü D Q,Shao M A,Horton R,et al.Effect of changing bulk density during water desorption measurement on soil hydraulic properties[J].Soil Science,2004,169(5):1-11.[30] van Genuchten M T,Leij F J,Yates S R.The RETC code for quantifying the hydraulic functions of unsaturated soils[R].Ada,OK,USA:U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,1991.[31] 邵明安,王全九,黄明斌.土壤物理学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2006:47-161.[32] 温智,盛煜,马巍,等.青藏高原北麓河地区原状多年冻土导热系数的试验研究[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(2):182-187.[33] 周华坤,周立,赵新全,等.青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统稳定性研究[J].科学通报,2006,51(1):63-69.[34] 时忠杰,王彦辉,徐丽宏,等.六盘山典型植被下土壤大孔隙特征.应用态学报,2007,18(2):2675-2680.[35] 曹广民,龙瑞军.放牧高寒嵩草草甸的稳定性及自我维持机制[J].中国农业气象,2009,30(4):553-559.[36] Jin H J,He R X,Cheng G D,et al.Changes in frozen ground in the Source Area of the Yellow River on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China,and their eco-environmental impacts[J].Environmental Research Letters,2009,4:045206.[37] Cheng G D,Wu T H.Responses of permafrost to climate change and their environmental significance,Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,2007,112:F02S03.[38] 王大力,尹澄清.植物根孔在生态系统中的功能[J].生态学报,2000,20(5):869-874.[39] You Q G,Xue X,Peng F,et al.Comparison of ecosystem characteristics between degraded andintact alpine meadow in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,China[J].Ecological Engineering,2014,71:133-143.[40] Wang G X,Hu H C,Liu G S,et al.Impacts of changes in vegetation cover on soil water heat coupling in an alpine meadow of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China[J].Hydrology and Earth System Sciences,2009,13:327-341.[41] 吴青柏,沈永平,施斌.青藏高原冻土及水热过程与寒区旱区生态环境的关系[J].冰川冻土,25(3):250-255.[42] Jin H J,Yu Q H,Wang S L,et al.Changes in permafrost environments along the Qinghai-Tibet engineering corridor induced by anthropogenic activities and climate warming[J].Cold Regions Science and Technology,2008,53:317-333.[43] 王根绪,李元寿,吴青柏,等.青藏高原冻土区冻土与植被的关系及其对高寒草甸生态系统的影响[J].中国科学:D辑,2006,36(8):743-754. |