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中国沙漠 ›› 1981, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (1): 21-32.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

内蒙伊盟牧场利用与沙漠化及其防治

黄兆华   

  1. 中国科学院兰州沙漠研究所
  • 出版日期:1981-01-20 发布日期:1981-01-20

The Utilization of Rangelands and Prevention of Desertification in Ikh Chao League,Inner Mongolian

Huang Zhaohua   

  • Online:1981-01-20 Published:1981-01-20

摘要: 本世纪七十年代以来, 沙漠化问题在世界范围内引起了广泛的注意。沙漠化对社会生产和人类的生活与生产是一个严重的威胁。内蒙古自治区伊克昭盟是一个沙漠化比较严重的地区, 迄一九七七年, 全盟流沙面积达27, 666平方公里, 比解放初扩大1.3倍。伊盟牧业在国民经济中比重很大, 牧区约占全盟面积72%。在沙漠化成因中, 牧场的利用不合理是一个主要的方面。因此, 研究牧场利用与土地沙漠化的关系, 总结牧民合理利用牧场的经验, 并提出防治沙漠化的途径, 对于解决这个地区的沙漠化问题, 是十分重要的。

Abstract: Ikh Chao League is Iocated in the southwestern part of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region and an area being subjected to serious desertification. The area of drifting sandy lands has expanded by a factor of 2.3 as compared with in 1949, reaching 27, 666 square kilometers. AII kinds of unreasonable cultural practices to disturb the dry ecosystems are the leading causes of desertification among which poor grazing management is included as well. Under the poor grazing management severe range depletion is very eommonplace. The range depletion process may be divided into three developing stages: In the first stage, because of the increase of unpalatable species in quantity a distinct change in background of the original vegetation takes place, but the biomass of the vegetation does not necessarily decrease. In the second stage, the vegetation cover becomes thinner and lower as compared with the original state and accordingly the biomass greatly decreases. and in the last stage, by lack of protection of the vegetation from wind erosion an area of bared or drifting sand dunes is formed. Strategies in preventing the rangeland desertification and rehabilitating the desertified rangelands are as follows: 1. Granting the fixed grazing privileges to the rangeland users. Those pastora-lists who have the privileges to use the rangeland resources must bear responsi-bilites for protecting and improving them. 2. Diminishing the livestock number to fit the rangeland carrying capacity. 3. Popularizing the "seasonal animal husbandry" operation step by step to con form the rangeland utilization to the seasonal dynamics of forage production. 4. Distributing rationally the flock points or watering points to disperse the grazing pressure. 5. Changing the sedentary yearlong free grazing to rotational-seasonal grazing wtih the shepherd herding the flock, 6. Planting trees, shrubs, and forage herbs to protect the environment and pro duce dry forage for supplemental feeding during the cold season.