Abstract: 1. The Water resources in arid Zone of the Northwestern China are comparatively rich.The volume of runoff in inland rivers is about 8×10^{10m3/year,and that of ground water is about 5×1010m3/year.of these resources about 2×1010-3×1010m3/year arc exploitable, but their distribution either in seasons or in regions doesn't keep in equilibrium. 2. In arid zone each basin which consists of spring water,surface and ground water is an integrated unit of water resources,or an ecosystem.Hence their exploitation must be under a unified plan and rational arrangement. 3. In order to develop the agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry in arid zone,the suggestions are as follows:l)In each basin, acomprehensive assessment of water resources must be made.2)A perfect and scientific system of water utilization and management should be built.3) The work of protection and rational development of water resources must be strengthened.}