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中国沙漠 ›› 1987, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (1): 18-23.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

风沙现象的相似问题

贺大良   

  1. 中国科学院兰州沙漠研究所
  • 出版日期:1987-03-20 发布日期:1987-03-20

Similarity of the Phenomena of Blownsands

He Daliang   

  1. Institute of Desert Research, Academia Sinica, Lanzhou
  • Online:1987-03-20 Published:1987-03-20

摘要: 风沙现象室内模型实验要做到与自然界的风沙现象完全相似是很难实现。第一,要做到模型与实物几何相似很困难,如气流中沙粒按模型缩尺缩小,其在与流中物理本质将完全改变;第二,满足相似的判据太复杂,技术上难以实现。如要同时满足两个最重要的判据雷诺数(Re)和福洛德数(Fr),就需要改变运动介质或改变地球的重大加速度,这在技术上实现很困难,故只能采用近似相似的方法,只考虑一个较重要的相似判据。风沙问题可以分为无沙与有沙气流两大类。无沙气流研究沙粒或其他物质在风力作用下的稳定性问题时(如沙粒起动,大风吹翻火车货车等).应主要考虑Fr数相同。而在研究固定的物体在风力作用下的绕流问题时(如防护林防风效益).应主要考虑Re数相同。研究风沙流的问题就较为复杂,在可能情况下加以简化,如只测流场,由流场中的风速大小、分布推测沙的蚀积情况;或采用不同比尺的模型实验,用系列模型法外推原型的情况。

Abstract: There is no possibilities to realize the full similarity of the experiment of indoor model of blownsand phenomena. It is impossible to make full similarity between the indoor experiment on phenomena of blownsand and that in nature, a) it is difficult to enable the model to be geometrically similar to material object, for instance, when sand grains in air current were reduced in accordance with the reduced scale of the model, the physical nature accordance with the reduced scale of the model, the physical nature of sand grains in air current will be fully changed; b) it is complicated to meet the needs of similar criterion and technologically it is impossible to realize. If two most important criterion of Re coefficient and Fr coefficient were met, the kinematic medium ueed to be changed or the acceleration of gravity on earth should be changed. This is very difficult to realize on the viewpoint of technigue and therefore only the approximate method of similarity can be adopted and only one much more important criterion of similarity could be considered.