中国西北地表能量分配影响因子及特征空间法适用性

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2022.00036

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用2009年地面实测资料，分析中国西北地区不同气候区潜热、感热及其与净辐射之比随土壤体积含水量、土壤温度及入射辐射的变化特征，并结合2000—2018年中分辨率成像光谱仪（MODIS）产品讨论特征空间法在中国西北地区的适用性。结果表明：在以玛曲站为代表的高寒湿润区，入射能量始终是潜热的主导因素，用于潜热估算的斜率?可直接取1.26，潜热估算精度依赖于净辐射的反演结果。在以兰州大学半干旱气候与环境监测站（SACOL，榆中站）和长武站为代表的半干旱、半湿润区，当入射能量充足时，土壤水分成为潜热的主导因子，这时候使用特征空间法估算的斜率?值与实测值相关性显著，?的估算精度将直接影响潜热估算结果。所以，特征空间法适用于以水分为潜热主导因子的地区和时段，且要满足植被指数与地表温度呈负相关。另外需要注意的是在选择特征空间法研究区时必须保证植被指数与地表温度的散点呈规则的“三角形”。

关键词: 地表能量通量, 特征空间法, 土壤体积含水量, Priestley-Taylor

Abstract:

Based on the measured ground data in 2009， the variation characteristics of latent heat （LE）， sensible heat （H_s） and the ratios of LE and Hs to net radiation （R_n） in different climatic regions with soil volume water content， soil temperature and incident radiation （R_s） are analyzed. Combined with the products of Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS） from 2000 to 2018， the applicability of characteristic space method in Northwest China is discussed. The results show that in the alpine humid area represented by Maqu station， the incident energy is always the dominant factor of LE. The slope ? used for LE estimation can be directly taken as 1.26. The estimated accuracy of LE depends on the retrieval result of R_n. In the semi-arid and semi-humid areas represented by SACOL station and Changwu station， when the incident energy is sufficient， the soil moisture becomes the dominant factor of LE， the slope ? estimated by the characteristic space method is significantly correlated with the measured value， and the estimated accuracy of ? will directly affect the estimated results of LE. Therefore， the characteristic space method is suitable for areas and periods with soil water content as the dominant factor of LE， and it should meet the negative correlation between vegetation index and land surface temperature. In addition， it should be noted that when selecting the study area of characteristic space method， it must ensure that the scatters of vegetation index and land surface temperature are in a regular "triangle".

Key words: surface energy flux, characteristic space method, soil volumetric water content, Priestley-Taylor

中图分类号:

P407.4

王丽娟, 郭铌, 沙莎, 胡蝶. 中国西北地表能量分配影响因子及特征空间法适用性[J]. 中国沙漠, 2022, 42(6): 1-13.

Lijuan Wang, Ni Guo, Sha Sha, Die Hu. Influencing factors of surface energy conversion in Northwest China and applicability of characteristic space method[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2022, 42(6): 1-13.

图/表 12

图1 研究区数字高程及站点地理位置

Fig.1 Digital elevation map and geographical location of observation stations in the study area， the red triangle represents the observation stations

图2 NDVI-LST特征空间示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of NDVI-LST triangular space

图3 植被指数（NDVI）与白天地表温度（LST）相关系数随5 cm土壤体积含水量VWC、入射太阳辐射Rs的变化

Fig.3 The change of correlation coefficient between NDVI and LST depending on soil volume water content of 5 cm depth and incident solar radiation

图4 西北地区（除新疆）植被指数（NDVI）与白天地表温度（LST）相关系数区域分布

Fig.4 Regional distribution of correlation coefficient between NDVI and LST in Northwest China （except Xinjiang）， where A is in April and B is in August

图5 玛曲、兰州大学干旱气候与环境监测站（SACOL，榆中）和长武站2009年6—9月土壤体积含水量（VWC）的变化

Fig.5 Changes of soil volume water content at Maqu，SACOL and Changwu stations from June to September 2009

图6 玛曲、兰州大学干旱气候与环境监测站（SACOL，榆中）和长武站感热、潜热转换比率随5 cm土壤温度（ts）和体积含水量（VWC）变化

Fig.6 Changes of sensible and latent heat flux conversion ratio depending on soil temperature and volume water content of 5 cm depth at Maqu， SACOL and Changwu stations

图7 玛曲、兰州大学干旱气候与环境监测站（SACOL，榆中）和长武站感热（Hs）、潜热（LE）通量及其转换比率随辐射的变化

Fig.7 Changes of sensible heat flux， latent heat flux and their conversion ratio depending on radiation at Maqu， SACOL and Changwu stations

图8 不同研究区示意图，Roi1、Roi2和Roi3及对应的白色矩形框分别代表3个不同的研究区范围，黑色线为甘肃省的省界线，填充颜色为2009年第163天的植被指数（NDVI）分布

Fig.8 Schematic diagram of different study areas. Roi1， Roi2 and Roi3 and their corresponding white rectangular boxes represent the scope of three different study areas respectively. The black line is the provincial boundary of Gansu Province， and the filling color is the NDVI distribution on the 163 day of 2009

图9 对应于图8中3个不同研究区的植被指数（NDVI）-白天地表温度（LST）特征空间

Fig.9 NDVI-LST space of three different study areas in Fig.8

图10 使用三角形方法估算的玛曲、兰州大学干旱气候与环境监测站（SACOL，榆中）和长武站潜热（LENL）与实测值（LE）的比较，其中A、B分别为Roi1和Roi2估算的玛曲站潜热，C、D分别为Roi3估算的SACOL站、长武站潜热

Fig.10 Comparison between latent heat flux estimated by triangle method and measured value at Maqu， SACOL and Changwu stations， where A and B are the LENL of Maqu station estimated based on Roi1 and Roi2 respectively， C and D are the LENL of SACOL and Changwu stations estimated based on Roi3 respectively

图11 使用特征空间法估算的玛曲、兰州大学干旱气候与环境监测站（SACOL，榆中）和长武站特征空间斜率（?NC）与实测值（?）的比较，其中A、B分别为Roi1和Roi2估算的玛曲站?，C、D分别为Roi3估算的SACOL站、长武站?

Fig.11 Comparison between the slope ?NL estimated by triangle method and measured value ? at Maqu， SACOL and Changwu stations， where A and B are the ?NL of Maqu station estimated based on Roi1 and Roi2 respectively， C and D are the ?NL of SACOL and Changwu stations estimated based on Roi3 respectively

图12 P-T方法在不同气候区的适用性

Fig.12 Applicability of P-T methods in different climate zones， where A， B and C respect Maqu station， SACOL station and Changwu station respectively

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