腾格里沙漠东南缘柠条（ Caragana korshinskii ）种子风力再传播过程及其影响因素

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

种子风力再传播是沙漠人工固沙林柠条（Caragana korshinskii）种群自然更新的关键过程，该过程对固定沙地地表结皮覆盖的响应特征仍不明确。在腾格里沙漠东南缘分别选取75%~100%、50%~75%、30%~50%、0~30%的结皮覆盖和裸沙地，采用野外风洞，进行了柠条种子风力再传播过程的模拟研究。结果表明：（1）随着结皮覆盖度的升高，种子传播距离逐渐增加，而种子被埋藏的概率逐渐降低。当结皮覆盖度在75%~100%时种子远距离传播的概率最高为45.56%，种子抗远距离传播概率最低，种子被埋藏的概率为0；当结皮覆盖度在50%~75%时非远距离传播概率最高为73.33%；当结皮覆盖度在30%~50%时种子抗远距离传播概率最高为62.22%；当结皮覆盖度在0~30%时种子被埋藏的概率增加；裸沙地远距离传播概率最低为5%。（2）随着风速的增加，种子的水平传播距离增加，且种子越小，传播越远，风力再传播越易发生；当风速高于13.6 m·s^-1时，对低结皮盖度样地产生覆沙，并对已埋藏的种子产生再次搬运。（3）种子传播率与距离拟合，中种子传播率与距离的拟合效果最好，关系为y=-0.002x³+0.182x²-1.660x+4.084。

关键词: 柠条（Caragana korshinskii）, 野外风洞试验, 种子大小, 风力再传播, 种子传播策略

Abstract:

The wind retransmission of seed is one of the key processes of the natural regeneration of Caragana korshinskii population in the artificial sand fixation forest in the desert， and its response law to the surface crust cover of the fixed sand is still unknown. In the southeast edge of Tengger Desert， 75%-100% （N₁）， 50%-75% （N₂）， 30%-50% （N₃）， 0-30% （N₄） crust covered and bare sandy land （Bs） were selected respectively， and the field wind tunnel experiment method was used to conduct a simulation study on the process of wind retransmission of different seed sizes. The results show that： The size of seeds and the coverage of crusts are the key factors affecting the wind retransmission of C. korshinskii seeds， and there are significant interactions between them. The seed wind retransmission is affected by the seed size， crust coverage and wind strength. The pattern of seed wind retransmission and diffusion generally presents the following rules：（1） With the increase of crust coverage， the seed retransmission distance increases gradually， while the probability of seed burial decreases gradually. When the crust coverage is 75%-100%， the maximum probability of seed long-distance transmission is 45.56%， the lowest probability of seed long-distance transmission resistance， and the probability of seed being buried is 0； When the crust coverage is 50%-75%， the maximum non-long-distance transmission probability is 73.33%； When the crust coverage is 30%-50%， the maximum probability of resistance to long-distance transmission of seeds is 62.22%； When the crust coverage is 0-30%， the probability of seeds being buried increases significantly； The lowest probability of long-distance transmission in bare sand is 5%. （2） With the increase of wind speed， the horizontal retransmission distance of seeds increases， and the smaller the seeds are， the farther their retransmission distance is， and the more likely the wind retransmission will occur； When the wind speed is higher than 13.6 m·s^-1， sand will be covered on the sample plots with low crust coverage， and the buried seeds will be transported again. （3） For the fitting of seed retransmission rate and distance， the fitting effect of middle seed retransmission rate and distance is the best， and its model is： y=-0.002x³+0.182x²-1.660x+4.084. To sum up， under the conditions of wind tunnel simulation experiment in the field， the seed size， soil crust coverage and wind strength can all affect the wind retransmission process of C. korshinskii seeds.

Key words: Caragana korshinskii, field wind tunnel test, seed size, wind retransmission, seed dissemination strategy

中图分类号:

Q948.1

王家辉, 曲文杰, 屈建军, 杨新国, 王磊, 杨悦, 秦伟春, 张波, 牛金帅. 腾格里沙漠东南缘柠条（ Caragana korshinskii ）种子风力再传播过程及其影响因素[J]. 中国沙漠, 2023, 43(5): 108-115.

Jiahui Wang, Wenjie Qu, Jianjun Qu, Xinguo Yang, Lei Wang, Yue Yang, Weichun Qin, Bo Zhang, Jinshuai Niu. The process and influencing factors of wind retransmission of Caragana korshinskii seeds in the southeast edge of Tengger Desert[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2023, 43(5): 108-115.

图/表 7

图1 样点位置

Fig.1 Sample plots

图2 野外风洞试验装置

Fig.2 Field wind tunnel test rig

图3 不同结皮覆盖度下种子再传播启动风速

Fig.3 Starting wind speed of seed retransmission under different crust coverage

图4 不同传播策略中种子分布概率随风速的变化

Fig.4 Variation of seed distribution probability with wind speed in different propagation strategies

图5 不同传播策略中种子分布概率随结皮覆盖度的变化

Fig.5 Variation of seed distribution probability with crusts in different propagation strategies

表1 不同大小和风速下种子的非远距离传播（m）

Table 1 Non-distance dispersal of seeds at different sizes and wind speeds （m）

样地结皮覆盖度/%	1倍启动风速			1.2倍启动风速			1.4倍启动风速
样地结皮覆盖度/%	大种子	中种子	小种子	大种子	中种子	小种子	大种子	中种子	小种子
75~100	1.61±1.01^Bb	1.69±0.81^Ab	2.75±1.29^Aa	2.06±1.12^AaB	2.59±1.87^Aa	2.66±1.88^Aa	2.66±1.74^Aa	2.45±1.43^Aa	2.26±1.49^Aa
50~75	0.60±0.13^Aa	0.63±0.25^Aa	0.52±0.09^Aa	0.75±0.37^Aa	0.82±0.72^Aa	1.06±1.17^Aa	0.78±0.47^Aa	1.03±0.92^Aa	0.7±0.33^Aa
30~50	0.74±0.2^Aa	0.57±0.14^Aa	0.76±0.23^Ba	0.93±0.68^Aa	0.92±0.52^Aa	0.88±0.52^aB	0.99±0.57^Aa	1.54±1.42^Aa	2.28±1.61^Aa
0~30	0.7±0.45^Aa	0.7±0.41^Aa	0.77±0.36^Ba	0.61±0.42^Aa	0.63±0.34^Aa	0.54±0.19^Ba	0.77±0.47^Ab	1.05±0.63^Ab	1.3±0.75^Aa
裸沙	0^A	0^B	0^B	2.7±2.72^Aa	0.73±0.2^Ba	2.52±0.92^ABa	2.3±1.73^Aa	2.39±1.39^Aa	2.89±1.94^Aa

图6 不同大小的种子传播距离与传播概率之间的关系

Fig.6 Relationship between seed propagation distance and propagation probability of different sizes

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