关键词: 民国时期, 和田绿洲, 薪柴消费, 植被再生补偿

Abstract: Population quantities in the Hetian region exceeded 600 thousand during the Republic of China, reaching the peak of population during its history period. Society firewood consumption exceeded more than 6.5 hundred million kg every year, equivalent to 3 300 thousand of mature arboreal trees and about 8 mature arboreal trees consumed per person per year. Excessive firewood consumption caused the vegetation system deterioration, the unbalance of species in each oasis system, appearing as various differences in the residents' firewood structure. Great population scale,longer development history and perhaps other reasons in the main reclamation areas resulted in the strong accumulation effect of firewood consumption, the exiguous wild vegetation. Plated vegetation was the main firewood source and accounted for 60%~80% of the total firewood in most reclamation areas, which resulted in a quick decrease of planted vegetation. To keep the balance of vegetation in reclamation area, the local government pushed the tree planting and afforestation movement vigorously, whereas the proportion of plantation to the consumed forest was 1∶1\^02 to 1∶2\^16 a years. It was a serious threat to the oasis ecological environment that the increase of plantation trees insufficiently compensated the decrease of firewood consumption.

Key words: the Republic of China, Hetian oasis, firewood consumption, vegetation regeneration