黑河下游地下水波动带地下水位动态变化研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

黑河下游是生态环境特别脆弱的地区,地下水位具有重要的生态意义。研究该区域地下水位的波动变化,对于生态环境的恢复与管理具有重要的指导意义。以河流20 km缓冲区为研究区,基于观测数据对2006年地下水位与分水前（2000年）的地下水位进行对比,分析得出:随着生态输水工程的启动,地下水位在总体上得到明显升高,研究区北部横剖面线上地下水平均升高0.995 m,南部横剖面线上平均升高0.497 m。西河纵剖面上输水后地下水位在下游提升最为明显,平均水位上升2.41 m,中游提升不大,大约为0.22 m;东河纵剖面上下游水位提升比较明显,水位上升1.06 m,但中游地下水在分水后仍有显著下降,平均下降0.96 m,上游地下水位上升0.90 m。研究区不同区域地下水时间（1990—2010年）变化趋势不同。有持续上升型,有持续下降型,有下降转为上升型,2002年成为转折点;额济纳旗农业灌溉对局部地区地下水影响较大,农业用水与生态需水的矛盾逐渐显露出来。

关键词: 黑河下游, 地下水波动带, 地下水时空变化, 生态输水

Abstract: The groundwater table is of ecological significance in the lower reaches of Heihe river, a fragile ecosystem area. In this paper, investigation of groundwater tables and comparison between water tables before (in 2000) and after (in 2006) the water diversion project were conducted. ①Generally, the groundwater level rose after the project. The mean increase is 0.995 m in the north and 0.497 m in the south of the study area. In the Xihe branch area of the Heihe river basin, the groundwater table increased obviously in the lower reach, averaged by 2.41 m; less increase in middle reach, about 0.22 m. In the Donghe branch area, the groundwater table rose remarkably in the lower river reach, mean 1.06 m; little increase in the upper reach, with 0.90 m; whereas groundwater level lowered in middle reach, averaged by 0.96 m. ②The temporal change of water table varied in period of 1990—2010. There were continuously climbing type, continuously dropping type and drop-to-climb type, in which the turning point appeared in 2002. ③Agricultural development had played an important role in change of groundwater level in Ejin Banner, Inner Mongolia. The contradiction between agricultural water consumption and ecological water demand gradually comes out.

Key words: the lower reaches of Heihe river, water table fluctuant belt, spatial-temporal change, ecological water diversion

中图分类号:

P641

赵传燕;李守波;冯兆东;沈卫华. 黑河下游地下水波动带地下水位动态变化研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2009, 29(2): 365-369.

ZHAO Chuan-yan;LI Shou-bo;FENG Zhao-dong;SHEN Wei-hua. Dynamics of Groundwater Level in the Water Table Fluctuant Belt at the Lower Reaches of Heihe River[J]. JOURNAL OF DESERT RESEARCH, 2009, 29(2): 365-369.

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