img

官方微信

  • CN 62-1070/P
  • ISSN 1000-694X
  • 双月刊 创刊于1981年
高级检索
天气与气候

沙尘污染对暴露人群呼吸系统健康的影响

  • 王金玉1 ,
  • 2 ,
  • 李 盛3 ,
  • 王式功4 ,
  • 5 ,
  • 6 ,
  • 尚可政4 ,
  • 5 ,
  • 6
展开
  • 1.兰州大学 资源环境学院, 甘肃 兰州 730000;
    2.兰州大学 基础医学院, 甘肃 兰州 730000;
    3.兰州市疾病预防控制中心, 甘肃 兰州 730030;
    4.兰州大学 大气科学学院, 甘肃 兰州 730000;
    5.兰州大学 气象环境与人体健康研究中心, 甘肃 兰州 730000;
    6.兰州大学 甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000

收稿日期: 2012-09-16

  修回日期: 2012-11-07

  网络出版日期: 2012-11-07

Effects of Dust Pollution on Respiratory System of Long-term Exposed Population

  • WANG Jin-yu1 ,
  • 2 ,
  • LI Sheng3 ,
  • WANG Shi-gong4 ,
  • 5 ,
  • 6 ,
  • SHANG Ke-zheng4 ,
  • 5 ,
  • 6
Expand
  • 1.College of Earth and Environmental Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    2.School of Basic Medical Sciences , Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    3.Lanzhou Center of Disease Prevention and Control, Lanzhou 730030, China;
    4.College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    5.Center for Meteorology Environment and Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    6.Gansu Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received date: 2012-09-16

  Revised date: 2012-11-07

  Online published: 2012-11-07

摘要

为了探讨沙尘污染对暴露人群呼吸系统健康的影响,本文选择沙尘天气多发的甘肃省民勤县两乡镇和基本不受沙尘污染的平凉市崆峒区两乡镇为调查点,采用流行病学现况调查法,对在调查点长期居住、无职业性粉尘接触史的40岁以上728名农民进行呼吸系统健康状况调查。结果显示,民勤县农民鼻炎及慢性支气管炎的患病率分别是平凉市的2.8倍及2.3倍(p<0.01),其他调查疾病患病率均无明显地区差异(p>0.05);民勤县不吸烟农民鼻炎及慢性支气管炎的患病率分别是平凉市的2.6倍及2.3倍(p<0.01);民勤县男性农民鼻炎患病率是平凉市的3.7倍(p<0.01),女性鼻炎及慢性支气管炎的患病率分别是平凉市的2.5倍及2.2倍(p<0.01);民勤县各年龄段农民鼻炎、慢性支气管炎的患病率均高于平凉市,其中,40~50岁农民2种疾病的患病率分别是平凉市的2.9倍及2.8倍(p<0.05,p<0.01);鼻炎、慢性支气管炎平均发病年龄无明显地区差异(p>0.05),但民勤县慢性支气管炎平均发病年龄(43.5±13.0岁)较平凉市(44.9±16.0岁)年轻。这说明沙尘污染对暴露人群呼吸系统健康存在明显影响,可导致暴露人群鼻炎及慢性支气管炎患病率升高,主要影响40~50岁人群,无性别差异。另外,沙尘污染可能导致暴露人群慢性支气管炎发病趋向年轻化。

本文引用格式

王金玉1 , 2 , 李 盛3 , 王式功4 , 5 , 6 , 尚可政4 , 5 , 6 . 沙尘污染对暴露人群呼吸系统健康的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2013 , 33(3) : 826 -831 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00118

Abstract

Dust pollution is one primary problem of regional environmental pollution, which has a strong impact on human health. In order to comprehend the effects of dust pollution on respiratory system of population in long-term exposure, Minqin County of Gansu Province was selected as an investigation point, where was one of the most frequent areas of dust storms and floating dust. Meanwhile, PingLiang City in Gansu Province was selected as a control point, where there was rarely dust event. An investigation among 728 farmers aged 40 years old or older was conducted by questionnaires, who lived for a long time at the investigation points and had no documented occupational history to dust exposure. The prevalence of rhinitis and chronic bronchitis of respondents in Minqin County were 2.8 and 2.3 times of those in PingLiang City respectively (p<0.01), and there were no significant statistical differences in the prevalence of other diseases between the two regions (p>0.05). The prevalences of rhinitis and chronic bronchitis of non-smoking farmers in Minqin County were 2.6 and 2.3 times of those in PingLiang City respectively (p<0.05). The prevalence of rhinitis in male respondents in Minqin County were 3.7 times of those in PingLiang City respectively (p<0.01), while the prevalence of rhinitis and chronic bronchitis of female farmers in Minqin County were 2.5 and 2.2 times of those in PingLiang City respectively (p<0.01). The prevalence of rhinitis and chronic bronchitis of farmers among all age groups in Minqin County were higher than those in PingLiang City. The prevalence of rhinitis and chronic bronchitis of respondents aged 40-50 years old in Minqin County were 2.9 and 2.8 times of those in PingLiang City respectively (p<0.05, p<0.01 respectively). There were no significant regional differences in the averaged age of onset in rhinitis and chronic bronchitis of respondents for averaged ages of respondents (p>0.05), however, the averaged age of onset in chronic bronchitis of respondents in Minqin County was younger than that in PingLiang City. It suggested that long-term dust pollution had great impact on respiratory health of exposed populations aged 40-50 years old. There was no gender difference for the impact. In addition, the results also showed that the averaged age of onset in chronic bronchitis changed more youthful with time in Minqin County.

参考文献

[1]中国气象局.沙尘天气预警业务服务暂行规定(修订)[Z].2003.



[2]贾晓鹏,陈开锋.沙尘事件对兰州河谷大气环境PM10的影响[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(6):1573-1578.



[3]刘新春,钟玉婷,何清,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙尘暴过程大气颗粒物浓度及影响因素分析[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(6):1548-1553.



[4]冯鑫媛,王式功,杨德保,等.近几年沙尘天气对中国北方环保重点城市可吸入颗粒物污染的影响[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(3):735-740.



[5]李岩瑛,张强,薛新玲,等.民勤大气边界层特征与沙尘天气的气候学关系研究[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(3):757-764.



[6]周德平,王扬锋,洪也,等.2007年春季沙尘暴对辽宁中部城市群空气质量的影响[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(4):976-982.



[7]李红,曾凡刚,邵龙义,等.可吸入颗粒物对人体健康危害的研究进展[J].环境与健康杂志,2002,19(1):85-87.



[8]黄玉霞,王宝鉴.兰州市呼吸道疾病与沙尘天气关系的分析[J].甘肃气象,2001,19(3):41-43.



[9]彭瑞玲,潘小川,张翼翔,等.包头市沙尘暴与人群急性健康效应关系的初步研究[J].环境与健康杂志,2005,22(4):249-251.



[10]Brockton J H,Bin J,Emily M,et al.Surveillance for dust storms and respiratory diseases in Washington State,1991[J].International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health,1994,49:170-174.



[11]陈晓燕,牛静萍,丁国武,等.沙尘暴对呼吸系统疾病的影响[J].环境与健康杂志,2007,24(2):63-66.



[12]Willimas P L,Sable D L,Mendez P,et al.Symptomatic coccidioidomycosis following a severe natural dust storm. An outbreak at the Naval Air Station,Lemoore,Calif[J].Chest,1979,76(5):566-570.



[13]Kwon H J,Cho S H,Chun Y,et al.Effects of Asian dust events on daily mortality in Seuol,Koera[J].Environmental Research,2002,90(1):1-5.



[14]Chen Y S,Sheen P C,Chen E R,et al.Effects of the Asian dust events on daily mortality in Taipei, Taiwan[J].Environmental Research,2004,95(2):151-155.



[15]Yang C Y,Chen Y S,Chiu H F,et al.Effects of Asian dust events on daily Stroke admissions in Taipei, Taiwan[J].Environmental Research,2005,99(1):79-84.



[16]Chen Y S,Yang C Y.Effects of Asian dust events on daily hospital admissions for cardiovascular disease in Taipei, Taiwan[J].Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health,Part A,2005,68(17/18):1457-1464.



[17]Chang C C,Lee I M,Tsai S S,et al.Correlation of Asian dust storm events with daily clinic visits for allergic rhinitis in Taipei,Taiwan[J].Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health,Part A,2006,69:229-235.



[18]Yang C Y,Tsai S S,Chang C C.Effects of Asian dust events on daily hospital admissions for asthma in Taipei, Taiwan[J].Inhalation Toxicology,2005,17:817-821.



[19]Yang C Y.Effects of Asian dust storm events on daily clinical visits for conjunctivitis in Taipei,Taiwan [J].Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health,Part A,2006,69:1673-1680.



[20]Chan C C,Chuang K J,Chen W J,et al.Increasing cardiopulmonary emergency visits by long-range transported Asian dust storms in Taiwan[J].Environmental Research,2008,106:393-400.



[21]Chiu H F,Tiao M M,Ho S C,et al.Effects of Asian dust events on daily hospital admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Taipei, Taiwan[J].Inhalation Toxicology,2008,20:777-781.



[22]Cheng M F,Ho S C,Chiu H F,et al.Consequences of exposure to Asian dust storm events on daily pneumonia hospital admissions in Taipei,Taiwan[J].Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health,Part A,2008,71(19):1295-1299.



[23]Yang C Y,Cheng M H,Chen C C.Effects of Asian dust storm events on hospital admissions for congestive heart failure in Taipei,Taiwan[J].Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health,Part A,2009,72:324-328.



[24]Gyan K,Henry W,Lacaille S,et al.African dust clouds are associated with increased paediatric asthma accident and emergency admissions on the Caribbean island of Trinidad[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2005,49:371-376.



[25]孟紫强,卢彬,潘竞界,等.沙尘天气与呼吸系统疾病日入院人数关系[J].中国公共卫生,2007,23(3):284-286.



[26]孟紫强,张剑,耿红,等.沙尘暴对呼吸及循环系统疾病日门诊量的影响[J].中国环境科学,2007,27(1):116-120.



[27]赵春霞,王振全,牛静萍,等.沙尘暴对儿童呼吸系统症状的影响[J].环境与健康杂志,2010,27(9):772-775.



[28]赵春霞,王振全,连素琴,等.沙尘暴对成人健康效应的影响[J].环境与健康杂志,2010,27(9):776-779.



[29]严俊,王振全,连素琴,等.兰州大气污染对循环系统疾病日住院人数影响[J].中国公共卫生,2010,26(12):1514-1516.



[30]Policard A,Collet A.Deposition of silicosis dust in the lungs of inhabitant of the Saharan regions [J].Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Medicine,1952,15:527-534.



[31]郭茜,徐秀珍,蔡曦光,等.28例沙漠尘肺的胸部X线和临床资料分析[J].中国工业医学杂志,1996,9(5):288-290.



[32]李保全.风沙尘肺调查报告[J].职业与健康,2002,18(6):13.



[33]孟紫强,杨振华,潘竞界,等.沙尘天气多发区民勤县发现多例非职业性尘肺病[J].生态毒理学报,2008,3(4):337-342.



[34]杨振华,孟紫强,潘竞界,等.沙尘暴多发地区人群呼吸与循环等系统疾病的现患调查[J].环境与职业医学,2008,25:8-12.



[35]王辉,程志英,任润兰.174例变应性鼻炎与遗传和环境因素的关系[J].中国自然医学杂志,2007,9(2):112-114.



[36]裳霞.986例慢性支气管炎相关因素分析[J].内蒙古中医药,2009,28(4):63.



[37]余卫.慢性支气管炎与吸烟的关系[J].中外医疗,2010,29(30):97.



[38]许晖.慢性支气管炎与年龄、吸烟的关系[J].中国医药导报,2008,5(31):157-158.



[39]耿红,孟紫强,张全喜.沙尘暴细颗粒物对大鼠肺泡巨噬细胞钙水平和脂质过氧化的影响[J].环境科学学报,2005,25(6):845-850.

文章导航

/