Influences of Sand-mulching Years on Soil Temperature, Water Content, and Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Watermelon
Received date: 2012-06-29
Revised date: 2012-10-22
Online published: 2012-10-22
为探明砂田土壤水、热状况乃至西瓜生长发育随覆砂年限的变化趋势,为提高中、老砂田的生产效率提供理论依据,本试验选取了5～40年砂田为研究对象,对其砂层含土量、砂层厚度、土壤水热效应及西瓜生长发育进行了研究。结果表明:铺砂年限每增加一年,砂层含土量平均增加0.6%左右,砂层厚度减少0.12 cm左右;西瓜生育期内,10、15、20、30、40年砂田较5年砂田0～20 cm土层积温分别降低了47.68、117.28、122.49、206.56、320.06 ℃;1 m土层内土壤贮水量分别下降了11.74、33.15、39.31、51.99、57.3 mm,表现出新砂田与中砂田较老砂田的增温、保墒效果均随着土层的加深递减,且该趋势在西瓜生育前期较强,中后期逐渐减弱。西瓜生育期随着铺砂年限的延长而延长,土壤水、热状况及西瓜产量、品质、水分利用效率均随着种植年限的延长而逐渐降低,以30年砂田为对照,5、10、15、20年砂田西瓜产量分别增加了170.91%、85.06%、58.76%、46.83%;西瓜含糖量分别提高了1.7%、1.6%、1.3%和0.8%;水分利用效率分别提高了83.48%、35.18%、35.35%和31.50%。
马忠明 , 杜少平 , 薛 亮 . 覆砂年限对砂田砂层质量、土壤水热状况及西瓜生长的影响[J]. 中国沙漠, 2013 , 33(5) : 1433 -1439 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00209
To provide a theoretical basis for improving production efficiency of the mid-old aged sand-covered land by finding the changing trend of soil temperature, water content and watermelon growth as increase of planting years in sand-covered land, trials were conducted to study the influences on soil content and thickness of sand layer, soil water content and temperature, the growth and development of watermelon in land covered for 5-40 years. The results showed that soil content increased 0.6% and thickness decreased 0.12 cm in the sand layer as the sand-mulching age increased one year. Compared to 5 years old sandy land, the accumulated soil temperature of 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 years old land at 0-20 cm soil layer reduced 47.68, 117.28, 122.49, 206.56 and 320.06 ℃, and soil water content in 100 cm soil layer reduced 11.74, 33.15, 39.31, 51.99 and 57.3 mm during watermelon growth period, respectively. It was revealed that the changes of soil temperature and soil water for new and mid-aged sandy land weakened as deepening of soil layer and growing of watermelon by comparing to old-aged sandy land. The growing period of watermelon was delayed and soil temperature, soil water content, yield, quality and water use efficiency was decreased as increasing of the age of sandy land. Yield increased by 170.91%, 85.06%, 58.76% and 46.83%, sugar content increased by 1.7%, 1.6%, 1.3% and 0.8%, and water use efficiency increased by 83.48%, 35.18%, 35.35% and 31.50% for 5, 10, 15 and 20 years old sandy land by comparing to the 30 years old one.
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