绿城垦区历史时期农业灌溉渠系信息的遥感识别与提取

胡宁科1; 2; 李 新1; 郭 明1

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00224

中国沙漠 >

2013 , Vol. 33 >Issue 5: 1577 - 1585

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00224

生态与经济

绿城垦区历史时期农业灌溉渠系信息的遥感识别与提取

胡宁科1 ,
2 ,
李新1 ,
郭明1

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1.中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 甘肃兰州 730000;
2.兰州大学资源环境学院, 甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期: 2013-05-08

修回日期: 2013-05-17

网络出版日期: 2013-05-17

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Identification and Extraction of Historical Agricultural Irrigation Canals in Lücheng Cultivated Land of Northwestern China

HU Ning-ke1 ,
2 ,
LI Xin1 ,
GUO Ming1

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1.Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
2.College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received date: 2013-05-08

Revised date: 2013-05-17

Online published: 2013-05-17

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摘要

灌溉是干旱区农业时代社会经济发展必不可少的条件,人工渠系则可看做是灌溉农业最主要的水利设施,是干旱区农耕文明的主要特征和标志之一。绿城垦区是黑河流域下游古居延绿洲上历史时期最大的一块农业垦区,大量的房址、寺庙、灌溉渠系、耕地等反映过去人类农业活动的遗迹残留在垦区中的沙包和沙丘中。在查阅大量历史文献和考古资料的基础上,本研究结合高分辨率遥感影像和野外渠系样点的实地调查数据,依据农业灌溉渠系在遥感影像上表现出来的线性和纹理特征,人工数字化识别和提取了绿城垦区历史时期的农业灌溉渠系。研究结果表明,古居延绿洲上的绿城垦区在古代曾有过规模宏大的人工农业灌溉系统,保证了研究区历史时期繁荣人类农业活动的开展;此外,研究区古代的农业灌溉方式与中国干旱区现代的农业灌溉系统有着相似的灌溉思路。绿城垦区古代农业灌溉渠系在空间上的可视化精细分布是古绿洲历史时期繁荣人类农业活动的直接证据,对于研究古代的水利设施和区域环境变化也有重要的作用。

关键词： 灌溉; 渠系; 农业活动; 遥感; 古居延绿洲; 历史时期

本文引用格式

胡宁科1 , 2 , 李新1 , 郭明1 . 绿城垦区历史时期农业灌溉渠系信息的遥感识别与提取[J]. 中国沙漠, 2013 , 33(5) : 1577 -1585 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00224

Abstract

Irrigation is an absolute requirement for historical agricultural development in arid regions. Canals can be seen as the most important water delivery facilities in irrigation systems, and they are one of the main features of agricultural civilization in arid regions. The ancient Lücheng reclamation area was the largest cultivated area of the ancient Juyan Oasis in the downstream of the Heihe River Basin, and there were many remaining relics of past human activities related to farming between nebkhas and sand dunes there. In this study, based on historical documents and archaeological reports, combined with high-resolution remotely sensed data and canal field investigation data, historical agricultural irrigation canals in the study area were identified according to the linear and texture features of the artificial canals appeared in the remote sensing images. It was found that there were large-scale irrigation systems developed to support the flourishingly human agricultural activities in the study area during the historical periods. Furthermore, it also showed that there were similarities for the agricultural irrigation methods between historical agricultural irrigation canals and the modern irrigation system of arid regions in China. Spatial distribution of the agricultural irrigation canals with fine-scale is the direct evidence of the human agricultural activities during the past times in the ancient oasis, which could play an important role in the study of past water conservancy facilities and regional environmental change.

Key words： irrigation; canal; agricultural activity; remote sensing; ancient Juyan Oasis; historical period

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