Helianthemum soongoricum is a tertiary relic plant and now is listed as secondary rare and endangered plant of China with limited population size. To explore the population structure and spatial distribution pattern, size classes statistics and the pair correlation function, O-ring statistic of the point pattern analysis, was used to analyze the population structure, spatial pattern and spatial associations of individuals in different development stages of H. soongoricum living in two habitats respectively. The results showed that, (1) Majority of H. soongoricum individuals were in age class Ⅱ(3 cm<d≤9 cm), and the individuals in age class Ⅰ(d≤3 cm) and Ⅲ(d>9 cm) were less, so the regeneration of H. soongoricum population was limited. (2) The spatial pattern and spatial associations between different age class individuals of H. soongoricum population were affected by habitat environment and depended on spatial scale strongly. In gravel habitat, H. soongoricum population and the individuals in each age class were clumped at small scales, and then tended to be uniform distribution with the increase of spatial scale. The spatial associations between different age class individuals were found to be or close to negative association. In stony habitat, H. soongoricum population and the individuals in each age class showed aggregated distribution at small and middle scales, and random distribution at larger scale. There were positive association between age class Ⅲ and Ⅱ, and no significant association between age class Ⅱ and Ⅰ. These differences between two habitats were resulted from their environmental conditions and plant community structures. (3) The young H. soongoricum individuals suffered competition pressure form the adult individuals to some extent. Our results have certain reference value for the protection and use of H. soongoricum.
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