荒漠河岸柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)灌丛的能量平衡特征

马虹; 陈亚宁; 李卫红

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00134

中国沙漠 >

2014 , Vol. 34 >Issue 1: 108 - 117

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00134

生物与土壤

荒漠河岸柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)灌丛的能量平衡特征

马虹 ,
陈亚宁 ,
李卫红

展开

1. 新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052;
2. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

马虹（1986- ），女，新疆伊犁人，硕士研究生，主要从事干旱区生态水文过程研究。Email：mahongkuaile@163.com

收稿日期: 2013-01-17

修回日期: 2013-03-16

网络出版日期: 2014-01-20

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（91025025）资助

收起

Characteristics of Energy Balance of Riparian Tamarix Shrubs in Desert

Ma Hong ,
Chen Yaning ,
Li Weihong

Expand

1. College of Grassland and Environment Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
2. State key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China

Received date: 2013-01-17

Revised date: 2013-03-16

Online published: 2014-01-20

Fold

摘要

用涡度相关法对新疆塔里木河下游荒漠河岸柽柳（Tamarix chinensis）灌丛进行了1个生长季的实验观测，利用同步气象资料探讨了干旱胁迫环境下柽柳灌丛的近地面微气象和能量平衡特征，并运用普通最小二乘法线性回归及能量平衡比率法对比分析了不同天气条件下柽柳的日能量平衡变化和分配的差异。结果表明：观测期内柽柳灌丛的能量平衡闭合率为72.3%，地表能量通量和能量分配特征呈明显的单峰型二次曲线，地表净辐射通量和潜热通量是柽柳灌丛生长季的主要能量收入项和支出项；生长季内柽柳灌丛的能量平衡残差出现系统性、正负交替的日循环规律；在不同天气条件下，能量的分配转化和平衡程度均有明显差异，晴天的能量闭合状况好于阴天、降雨及扬沙天气，白天好于夜间；能量平衡比率在日出前与日落后的变化显著，且出现瞬时能量过闭合现象。受光合作用的影响，能量平衡闭合程度及碳通量的变化与不同天气下的温度及水分密切相关。

本文引用格式

马虹 , 陈亚宁 , 李卫红 . 荒漠河岸柽柳(Tamarix chinensis)灌丛的能量平衡特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2014 , 34(1) : 108 -117 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00134

Abstract

In this research, the lower reaches of Tarim River, Xinjiang, was taken as target area and Tamarix shrubs were observed with the eddy covariance method during a whole growing season. Based on the synchronous meteorological data, the ground micrometeorological and energy balance of Tamarix shrubs under the drought stress environment were discussed; the differences between diurnal variations of energy balance and energy partitioning in different weather conditions were analyzed by using the ordinary least squares linear regression and the energy balance ratio method. The results showed that: the energy balance radio of Tamarix shrubs during the observation period was 72.3%, and the diurnal variation of surface energy flux and energy allocation trend appeared a single peak quadratic curve. R_n and LE was important energy income and expenditure terms of Tamarix shrubs, respectively. Energy balance residuals appeared systematic diurnal cycle alternating with negative and positive value. There was a significant difference in conversion of energy allocation and energy balance under different weather condition; the energy closure condition of fine day was better than the cloudy, rainy and windy day; and it was better during the day time than night. There was a significant change in the energy balance radio between before sunrise and after sunset and appeared instantaneous energy closure phenomenon. By affecting of photosynthesis, the magnitude of energy balance closure degree and changes of carbon flux had close relations with the air temperature and moisture degree under the different weather condition. These results suggested that the main reason which was resulted in the imbalance of energy balance radio was the underestimation of carbon flux.

Key words： eddy covariance; energy balance closure; ordinary least squares; flux; Tamarix

参考文献

[1] 刘波,马柱国,冯锦明.1960-2004年新疆地区地表水热过程的数值模拟研究[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(2):491-502.
[2] 张燕,徐建华,吕光辉.西北干旱区新疆水资源足迹及利用效率动态评估[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(4):915-919.
[3] 李红军,李军,何清,等.新疆沙尘暴的趋势和突变研究[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(5):915-919.
[4] Schimel D S,House J I,Hibbard K A,et al.Recent patterns and mechanisms of carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems[J].Nature,2001,414:169-172.
[5] Wever L A,Flanagan L B,Carlson P J.Seasonal and interannual variation in evapotranspiration, energy balance and surface conductance in northern grassland[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2002,112(1):31-49.
[6] 马虹,陈亚宁,李卫红.陆地生态系统CO₂与水热通量的研究进展[J].新疆环境保护,2012,34(2):1-8.
[7] Houghton R A,Davidson A E,Woodwell G M.Missing sinks,feedbacks, and understanding the role of terrestrial ecosystem in the global carbon balance[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,1998,12:25-34.
[8] Dickinson R E.Land-atmosphere interaction[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1995,(S2):917-922.
[9] Wilson K B,Baldocchi D D.Seasonal and interannual variability of energy fluxes over a broadleaved temperate deciduous forest in North America[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2000,100(1):1-18.
[10] 王兵,刘世荣,崔向慧,等.全球陆地生态系统水热平衡规律研究进展[J].世界林业研究,2002,15(1):9-28.
[11] 张强,曹晓彦.敦煌地区荒漠戈壁地表热量和辐射平衡特征的研究[J].大气科学,2003,27(2):245-254.
[12] Hamerlynck E P,Huxman T E,Charlet T N,et al.Effects of elevated CO₂ (FACE) on the functional ecology of the drought-deciduous Mojave Desert shrub,Lycium andersonii[J].Environmental and Experimental Botany,2002,48(2):93-106.
[13] Barr A G,Morgenstern K,Black T A,et al.Surface energy balance closure by the eddy-covariance method above three boreal forest stands and implications for the measurement of the CO₂ flux[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2006,140:322-337.
[14] Mielnicka P,Dugasa W A,Mitchellb K,et al.Long-term measurements of CO₂ flux and evapotranspiration in a Chihuahuan desert grassland[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2005,60(3):423-436.
[15] Hastings S J,Oechel W C,Melo A M.Diurnal,seasonal and annual variation in the net ecosystem CO₂ exchange of a desert shrub community (Sarcocaulescent) in Baja California,Mexico[J].Global Change Biology,2005,11(6):927-939.
[16] Wohlfahrt G,Fenstermaker L F,Arnone J A.Large annual net ecosystem CO₂ uptake of a Mojave Desert ecosystem[J].Global Change Biology,2008,14(7):1475-1487.
[17] 王旭,尹光彩,周国逸,等.鼎湖山针阔混交林旱季能量平衡研究[J].热带亚热带植物学报,2005,13(3):205-210.
[18] Dou J X,Zhang Y P,Yu G R,et al.Inter-annual and seasonal variations of energy and water vapour fluxes above a tropical seasonal rain forest in Xishuangbanna,SW China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(8):3099-3109.
[19] 马伟强,马耀明.西北干旱区地表能量初步分析[J].干旱区研究,2006,23(1):76-82.
[20] 岳平,牛生杰,张强,等.春季晴天与阴天草原辐射和能量平衡特征的一次对比观测[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(6):1464-1468.
[21] 陈世强,吕世华,奥银焕,等.夏季不同天气背景和灌溉条件下绿洲地表辐射和能量平衡特征[J].冰川冻土,2011,33(3):532-538.
[22] 苗世光,窦军霞,Chen F,等.北京城市地表能量平衡特征观测分析[J].中国科学(地球科学),2012,42(9):1394-1402.
[23] 徐亚琪,陈妮娜,高西宁,等.科尔沁草甸草地生长季能量平衡特征[J].气象与环境学报,2012,28(3):31-36.
[24] Wang R Y,Yang X G,Ba D H,et al.Changes of sensible and latent heat on a typical clear day on dry-farming land in semi-arid region during different development phases of crop[J].Arid Meteorology,2004,22(4):26-39.
[25] Cleverly J R,Dahm C N,Thibault J R,et al.Seasonal estimates of actual evapotranspiration from Tamarix ramosissima stands using three-dimensional eddy covariance[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2002,52(2):181-197.
[26] 陈敏,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.不同地下水埋深柽柳、芦苇的生理响应[J].干旱区地理,2009,32(1):72-80.
[27] 张喜焕,杨太新,辛贺明,等.不同柽柳种光合特性比较[J].西北农业学报,2010,19(12):113-117.
[28] Zhuang L,Chen Y N.Physiological response of Tamarix ramosissima underwater stress along the lower reaches of Tarim River[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51(9):1123-1129.
[29] 刘冰,赵文智.荒漠绿洲过渡带柽柳和泡泡刺光合作用及水分代谢的生态适应性[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(1):101-107.
[30] Zhao L J,Xiao H L,Chen G L,et al.A preliminary study of water sources of riparian plants in the lower reaches of the Heihe basin[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2008,29(6):709-718.
[31] 彭守璋,赵传燕,彭焕华,等.黑河下游柽柳种群地上生物量及耗水量的空间分布[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(8):1940-1946.
[32] Nippert J B,Butler Jr J J,Kluitenberg G J,et al.Patterns of Tamarix water use during a record drought[J].Oecologia,2010,162(2):283-292.
[33] 郝兴明,陈亚宁,李卫红,等.胡杨根系水力提升作用的证据及其生态学意义[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(6):1125-1131.
[34] Song X,Yu G R,Liu Y F,et al.Comparison of flux measurement by open-path and close-path eddy covariance systems[J].Science in China(Series D:Earth Sciences),2005,48(Suppl.Ⅰ):74-84.
[35] Shi T T,Guan D X,Wu J B.Measurement of evapotranspiration above broad-leaved-Korean pine forests in the Changbaishan Mountains with eddy covariance technique[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2006,28(6):1-8.
[36] Massman W J,Lee X.Eddy covariance flux corrections and un-certainties in long-term studies of carbon and energy exchanges[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2002,113:121-144.
[37] 李正泉,于贵瑞,温学发,等.中国通量观测网络(ChinaFLUX)能量平衡闭合状况的评价[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2004,34(S2):46-56.
[38] Wilson K B,Goldstein A H, Falge E,et al.Energy balance closure at FLUXNET sites[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2002,113(1/4):223-243.
[39] McCaughey J H.Energy balance storage terms in a mature mixed forest at Petawawa,Ontario-a case study[J].Boundary-Layer Meteorology,1985,31:89-101.
[40] 郭建侠,卞林根,戴永久.玉米生育期地表能量平衡的多时间尺度特征分析及不平衡原因的探索[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学),2008,38(9):1103-1111.
[41] Baldocchi D D,Law B E,Anthoni P M.On measuring and modeling energy fluxes above the floor of a homogeneous and heterogeneous conifer forest[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2000,102:187-206.
[42] Kustas W P,Prueger J H,Hatfield J L,et al.Variability in soil heat flux from a mesquite dune site[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2000,103(3):49-264.

Options

文章导航

模态框（Modal）标题

摘要

本文引用格式

Abstract

参考文献