利用1961年1月1日至2010年12月31日NCEP/NCAR再分析数据和站点观测资料，统计分析表明：中国西北区域重旱年典型特征为3、4月南亚高压中心均出现偏西约40°；偏旱年典型特征为3月至4月出现中心位置西移之后东撤，4月至5月出现西移，或4月偏东40°；偏涝年典型特征为7月至8月东西振荡幅度大；西北区域多雨年典型特征为5月中心位置位于孟加拉湾海域，9月明显出现南亚高压东部型，12月位置偏西40°。面积距平最明显的特征是重旱年、偏旱年南亚高压面积偏小，偏涝年、多雨年南亚高压面积偏大，同样也可以看到重旱年4月南亚高亚异常特征十分明显。强度和面积与西北区域降水很好的相关性主要存在于2—4月。

The South Asia High anomaly characteristic during different flood/drought years in Northwest China were analyzed in this study using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and observation data from meteorological stations from January 1^th of 1961 to December 31^th of 2010. In March and April of typical severe drought years in northwest China, the South Asia High Center West was seen at about 40°. In typical drought years in Northwest China, the South Asia High centre moved to west from March to April, then retreated to east, moved to west from April to May, or South Asia High center moved to east about 40° in April. In typical flood years in Northwest China, the South Asia High oscillates between west and east. In typical rainy years in northwest China, the South Asia High center was located in the Bay of Bengal in May, the South Asia High moved to east in September, the South Asia High center moved to west about 40° in December. The most obvious characteristic of the South Asia High area anomaly was: in years of heavy drought and drought, area of the South Asia High was small, while area of the South Asia High was big in flood and rainy years. In heavy drought years, the anomaly characteristic of the South Asia High area was apparent in April. The correlation between strength/size of the South Asia High and precipitation in Northwest China was significant from February to April.