Under the background of global change, the frequency of extreme climate events and damage of meteorological disasters are increasing. Based on the data of temperature and precipitation in the Taolaihe River Basin from 1957 to 2012, the extreme climate indices were employed to analyze the climatic changing trend and spatial differences. Results indicated that extreme temperature revealed statistically significant increases in the temperature of the warmest and coldest nights. The regionally averaged occurrence of extreme cold days and nights has significantly decreased with the increasing of growing season length. Decreases of the diurnal temperature range and the number of frost days were statistically significant, but a decreasing trend of ice days was not significant and increased after 2000. The greater increasing trend mainly occurred in higher altitudes in autumn and winter. It is also larger for regional trends for night index than in day index. There was also a statistically increase trend for precipitation extremes. At the same time, there is a significant increase in consecutive wet days, number of heavy precipitation days and maximum annual amount for 5-day precipitation and the rain day precipitation, but it not showed the significant increase for the regionally averaged daily rainfall intensity. The distribution of the number of rainy days in summer and autumn is more uniform, and the increasing precipitation mainly contributed by the increase of moderate-rain days and the lengthening of rainfall time for single precipitation event. Extreme precipitation events mainly also occured at high altitude areas in study region.
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