img

官方微信

  • CN 62-1070/P
  • ISSN 1000-694X
  • 双月刊 创刊于1981年
高级检索
天气与气候

祁连山讨赖河流域1957—2012年极端气候变化

  • 高妍 ,
  • 冯起 ,
  • 李宗省 ,
  • 王钰 ,
  • 宋智渊 ,
  • 张晗
展开
  • 1. 陕西师范大学 旅游与环境学院, 陕西 西安 710062;
    2. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 甘肃 兰州 730000
高妍(1990-),女,陕西韩城人,硕士研究生,研究方向为生态环境演变与气候变化。Email:18792406581@163.com

收稿日期: 2014-02-10

  修回日期: 2014-03-17

  网络出版日期: 2014-05-20

基金资助

陕西省“百人计划”项目;陕西师范大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(GK201101002);中国科学院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-04-05);中国博士后科学基金项目(2013T60899)资助

The Variation of Climate Extremes in the Taolaihe River Basin in the Qilian Mountains of China during 1957-2012

  • Gao Yan ,
  • Feng Qi ,
  • Li Zongxing ,
  • Wang Yu ,
  • Song Zhiyuan ,
  • Zhang Han
Expand
  • 1. College of Tourism and Environment, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China;
    2. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received date: 2014-02-10

  Revised date: 2014-03-17

  Online published: 2014-05-20

摘要

全球气候变化背景下,极端气候事件发生的频率逐年增大,由此引发的气象灾害事件也随之增加。鉴此,本文利用祁连山讨赖河流域1957—2012年的气象观测资料,对该流域23个极端气候指数的时空变化特征做了研究。结果表明:(1)极端气温升高趋势明显,夜间和白天极端低温日数显著减少,极端气温昼指数显著增大;气温日较差变化幅度很小,霜冻日数显著减少,生长季长度明显加长,冰冻日数2000年后增加;夜指数增大幅度大于昼指数,秋、冬季极端气温升高幅度大于春、夏季。(2)极端降水指数增大趋势明显,雨日降水总量、连续五日降水总量和中雨天数均展现出增大态势,反映出连续降水事件的增加;极端降水量事件增大显著,但雨日降水强度变化不大;除最多连续无降水日数外,极端降水日数指数展现出增大趋势;降水日数夏、秋季节分配趋向均匀化;降水量的增加主要是单次降水时间持续加长和中雨日数增加的贡献;高海拔区极端降水事件发生的频次较大。

本文引用格式

高妍 , 冯起 , 李宗省 , 王钰 , 宋智渊 , 张晗 . 祁连山讨赖河流域1957—2012年极端气候变化[J]. 中国沙漠, 2014 , 34(3) : 814 -826 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00020

Abstract

Under the background of global change, the frequency of extreme climate events and damage of meteorological disasters are increasing. Based on the data of temperature and precipitation in the Taolaihe River Basin from 1957 to 2012, the extreme climate indices were employed to analyze the climatic changing trend and spatial differences. Results indicated that extreme temperature revealed statistically significant increases in the temperature of the warmest and coldest nights. The regionally averaged occurrence of extreme cold days and nights has significantly decreased with the increasing of growing season length. Decreases of the diurnal temperature range and the number of frost days were statistically significant, but a decreasing trend of ice days was not significant and increased after 2000. The greater increasing trend mainly occurred in higher altitudes in autumn and winter. It is also larger for regional trends for night index than in day index. There was also a statistically increase trend for precipitation extremes. At the same time, there is a significant increase in consecutive wet days, number of heavy precipitation days and maximum annual amount for 5-day precipitation and the rain day precipitation, but it not showed the significant increase for the regionally averaged daily rainfall intensity. The distribution of the number of rainy days in summer and autumn is more uniform, and the increasing precipitation mainly contributed by the increase of moderate-rain days and the lengthening of rainfall time for single precipitation event. Extreme precipitation events mainly also occured at high altitude areas in study region.

参考文献

[1] IPCC.Summary for Policymakers of Climate Change 2007:The Physical Science Basis[M].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,2007.
[2] IPCC.Climate Change 2001:The Scientific Basis[M].Cambridge,UK:Cambridge University Press,2001.
[3] Easterling D R,Evans J L,Groisman P Y,et al.Observed variability and trends in extreme climate events:a brief review[J].Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,2000,81(3):417-425.
[4] Aguilar E,Barry A A,Brunet M,et al.Changes in temperature and precipitation extremes in western central Africa,Guinea Conakry,and Zimbabwe,1955-2006[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2009,114:D02115.
[5] Choi G,Collins D,Ren G Y,et al.Changes in means and extreme events of temperature and precipitation in the Asia Pacific Net work region,1955-2007[J].International Journal of Climatology,2009,29:1906-1925.
[6] New M,Hewitson B,Stephenson D B,et al.Evidence of trends in daily climate extremes over southern and west Africa[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,2006,111:D14102.
[7] You Q L,Kang S C,Enric Aguilar,et al.Changes in daily climate extremes in China and their connection to the large scale atmospheric circulation during 1961-2003[J].Climate Dynamics,2011,36:2399-2417.
[8] 李小亚,张勃.1960-2011年甘肃河东地区极端降水变化[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(6):1884-1890.
[9] 张胜才,杨先荣,张锦泉,等.春季西风急流异常对甘肃极端天气的影响[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(4):1089-1094.
[10] 金 铭,车宗玺,敬文茂,等.祁连山水源涵养林区降水及温度时空变化研究[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(4):1071-1076.
[11] Li Z X,He Y Q,Wang P Y,et al.Changes of daily climate extremes in southwestern China during 1961-2008[J].Global and Planetary Change,2012,80/81:255-272.
[12] Li Z X,He Y Q,Theakstone W H,et al.Altitude dependency of trends of daily climate extremes in southwestern China,1961-2008[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2012,22(3):416-430.
[13] 任福民,翟盘茂.1951-1990年中国极端气温变化研究[J].大气科学,1998,22 (2):217-227.
[14] 刘学华,季致建,吴洪宝,等.中国近40年极端气温和降水的分布特征及年代际差异[J].热带气象学报,2006,22(6):618-624.
[15] Zhai P M,Sun A J,Ren F M,et al.Change of climate extremes in China[J].Climate Change,1999,42:203-218.
[16] 翟盘茂,任福民,张强.中国降水极值变化趋势检测[J].气象学报,1999,57(2):208-216.
[17] 王鹏祥,杨金虎.中国西北近45年来极端高温事件及其对区域性增暖的响应[J].中国沙漠,2007,27(7):649-655.
[18] 张延伟,李红忠,魏文寿,等.1961-2010年北疆地区极端气候事件变化[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(6):1891-1897.
[19] 蔡新玲,吴素良,贺皓,等.变暖背景下陕西极端气候事件变化分析[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(4):1095-1101.
[20] 杨淑萍,赵光平,穆建华,等.宁夏极端气候事件及其影响分析[J].中国沙漠,2008,28(6):1169-1173.
[21] 李栋梁,冯建英.黑河流量和祁连山气候的年代际变化[J].高原气象,2003,22(2):104-110.
[22] 李林,王振宇.黑河上游地区气候变化对径流的影响研究[J].地理科学,2006,26(1):40-46.
[23] 丁永建,叶柏生,周文娟.祁连山区流域径流影响影子分析[J].地理学报,1999,54(5)431-437.
[24] 丁永建,叶柏生,周文娟.黑河流域过去40年来降水时空分布特征[J].冰川冻土,1999,21(1):42-48.
[25] 李栋梁,陈丽萍.河西走廊黑河流量的气候特征及其预报[J].应用气象学报,1991,2(3)319-524.
[26] 蓝永超,丁永建,康尔泗,等.黑河流域水资源动态变化及其趋势的灰色Markov链预测[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(4):435-440.
[27] 肖生春,肖洪浪.近百年人类活动对黑河流域水资源的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2004,18(3):57-61.
[28] 颜东海,李忠勤,高闻宇,等.祁连山北大河流域冰川变化遥感监测[J].干旱区研究2012,29(2):245-250.
[29] 王宁练,贺建桥,蒲健辰,等.近50年来祁连山七一冰川平衡线高度变化研究[J].科学通报,2012,55(32):3107-3115.
[30] 任朝霞,杨达源.近40 a西北干旱区极端气候变化趋势研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2001,21(4):10-13.
[31] 潘晓华.中国近50年极端温度和降水事件研究[D].北京:中国气象科学研究院,2002.
文章导航

/