长期暴露于沙尘人群的肺通气功能

王金玉; 李盛; 王式功; 尚可政

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00238

中国沙漠 >

2014 , Vol. 34 >Issue 4: 975 - 981

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00238

沙漠与沙漠化

长期暴露于沙尘人群的肺通气功能

王金玉 ,
李盛 ,
王式功 ,
尚可政

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1. 兰州大学资源环境学院, 甘肃兰州 730000;
2. 兰州大学基础医学院, 甘肃兰州 730000;
3. 兰州市疾病预防控制中心, 甘肃兰州 730030;
4. 兰州大学大气科学学院/气象环境与人体健康研究中心/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730000

王金玉（1978-），女，甘肃永登人，博士研究生，副教授，主要从事气候环境变化与人体健康方面的研究。Email：wangjiny@lzu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2013-08-05

修回日期: 2013-08-30

网络出版日期: 2014-07-20

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目（41075103 ）；国家公益性行业科研专项项目（ GYHY2001106034 ）资助

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Effects of Long-term Sand Dust Pollution on Pulmonary Function of Exposed Population

Wang Jinyu ,
Li Sheng ,
Wang Shigong ,
Shang Kezheng

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1. College of Earth and Environmental Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
2. School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
3. Lanzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Lanzhou 730030, China;
4. College of Atmospheric Sciences/Gansu Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Reducing Disaster/Center for Meteorology Environment and Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received date: 2013-08-05

Revised date: 2013-08-30

Online published: 2014-07-20

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摘要

为分析长期沙尘暴露对人群肺通气功能的影响，本文选择沙尘天气多发的甘肃省民勤县和受沙尘污染较轻的平凉市为调查点，采用SPIROVIT SP-1型肺功能仪，对在调查点长期居住、无职业性粉尘接触史的40岁以上728名农民进行肺功能测定，测定指标包括用力肺活量（FVC）、第1秒用力呼气容积（FEV_l）、1秒率（FEV_l/FVC），肺通气功能损伤类型分为阻塞性（FEV_l/FVC<70%）、限制性（FVC%<80%）及混合性（FEV_l/FVC<70%且FVC%<80%）3类。结果显示，与平凉市比较，非吸烟者中，民勤县农民FEV₁%、FEV₁/FVC分别降低4.3%、6.6%；肺通气功能异常、阻塞性及混合性肺功能损伤发生率分别增加9.5%、9.2%及3.2%，其RR（95%CI）分别为1.540（1.106~2.144）、1.955（1.242~3.076）及8.677（1.128~66.734）；50~59岁农民阻塞性肺功能损伤发生率、60岁以上者肺通气功能异常、阻塞性及混合性肺通气功能损伤发生率均增加；男性农民肺通气功能异常率、女性农民阻塞性及混合性肺功能损伤发生率均增加。这表明，长期沙尘暴露可导致人群肺功能降低，以阻塞性肺功能损伤为主，50岁以上人群是主要受害者。建议沙尘天气多发区人群应尽量减少沙尘暴露机会，并加强沙尘防护措施，以降低沙尘对暴露人群肺通气功能的损伤。

关键词： 长期沙尘暴露; 暴露人群; 肺功能

本文引用格式

王金玉 , 李盛 , 王式功 , 尚可政 . 长期暴露于沙尘人群的肺通气功能[J]. 中国沙漠, 2014 , 34(4) : 975 -981 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2013.00238

Abstract

In order to analyze the effects of Long-term sand dust pollution on pulmonary function of exposed population, Minqin County was selected as sand dust pollution region, where dust storm occurred frequently. Meanwhile, Pingliang City was selected as control area, where was influenced by dust weather rarely. The subjects were consisted of 728 farmers (Minqin, 424; Pingliang, 304) aged 40yrs or older. Farmers having documented occupational history to industrial dust exposure were not included. Using SPIROVIT SP-1 spirometer, we measured lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 s [FEV₁], forced vital capacity [FVC], FEV₁/FVC) of farmers. Lung function impairment were divided into three categories including obstructive lung function impairment (FEV_l/FVC<70%), restrictive lung function impairment (FVC%<80%) and combined lung function impairment (FEV_l/FVC<70% and FVC%<80%).For non-smokers, the values of FEV₁% and FEV₁/FVC significantly decreased by 4.3% and 6.6% in Minqin County compared with that in Pingling City, respectively; while the incidences (RR, 95%CI) significantly increased by 9.5% (1.540, 1.106-2.144), 9.2% (1.955, 1.242-3.076) and 3.2% (8.677, 1.128-66.734) in abnormal lung function, obstructive lung functions impairment and combined lung functions impairment, respectively. The results also showed, compared with in Pingliang City, the incidence in Minqin County was significantly ascendant in the obstructive lung function impairment for farmers aged 50-59 years, and the incidence in Minqin County apparently increased in abnormal lung function, obstructive lung function impairment and combined lung function impairment for farmers aged 60 years or older. For females, there was significantly ascendant occurrences of obstructive lung function impairment and combined lung function impairment in Minqin County compared with that in Pingling City, while only the incidence of abnormal lung function increased for males. Thus, we conclude that long-term sand dust exposure can do damage to human lung function, which displays mainly obstructive pulmonary lung deficit. Those people aged 50 years or older were the major victims. To decrease the lung function injure, the exposed population were suggested to reduce the dust exposed chances and enhance the protective measures.

Key words： long-term sand dust exposure; exposed population; pulmonary function

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