Drought disaster is one of the most hazardous natural disasters on earth. Through the in-depth analysis of causes of drought risk, combined with the principles of natural disaster system, a drought disaster risk assessment model was constructed according to the dangerousness of disaster-inducing factors, vulnerability of disaster-breeding environment, exposure of disaster-bearing body, and disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities. Then, an assessment and regionalization of drought risk was conducted in Hedong area of Gansu Province with ArcGIS platform by integrated consideration of the natural and social characteristics of drought disaster, based on local meteorological, ecological and socio-economic data. The results showed that: (1) The dangerousness of disaster-inducing factors decreases gradually from the middle to both west and east sides of Hedong area, and from large to small is Tianshui, Pingliang, Longnan, Dingxi, Linxia, Gannan and Qingyang. (2) The vulnerability of disaster-breeding environment decreases gradually from north to sourth, and from large to small is Qingyang, Linxia, Dingxi, Pingliang, Tianshui, Gannan and Longnan. (3) The exposure of disaster-bearing body is the highest in Tianshui, followed by Pingliang, Linxia, Dingxi, Longnan, Qingyang and Gannan. (4) The disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities from large to small is Linxia, Tianshui, Pingliang, Dingxi, Longnan, Qingyang and Gannan. (5) The meteorological drought disaster risk decreases from north to south and the highest in Dingxi, followed by Tianshui, Qingyang, Pingliang, Linxia, Gannan and Longnan.
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