巴丹吉林沙漠周边地区降水量的时空变化特征

李万元, 吕世华, 董治宝, 范广州, 陈雷华

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00064

中国沙漠 >

2015 , Vol. 35 >Issue 1: 94 - 105

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00064

中国地理学会沙漠分会2014年学术研讨会论文选

巴丹吉林沙漠周边地区降水量的时空变化特征

展开

1. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所寒旱区陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730000;
2. 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730000;
3. 成都信息工程学院高原大气与环境四川省重点实验室, 四川成都 610225;
4. 陕西省气象局, 陕西西安 710014

李万元(1975-),男,内蒙古乌兰察布市人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事西北干旱、沙尘暴、大气环境、边界层研究.Email: ywl@lzb.ac.cn

收稿日期: 2014-04-21

修回日期: 2014-06-11

网络出版日期: 2015-01-20

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(41275015);高原大气与环境四川省重点实验室开放基金资助课题(PAEKL-2011-C3);国家重大科学研究计划项目(2013CB956000);中科院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-04-05)

收起

Spatial and Temporal Variation of Precipitation over Areas Surrounding the Badan Jaran Desert

Expand

1. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
3. Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China;
4. Meteorological Bureau of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710014, China

Received date: 2014-04-21

Revised date: 2014-06-11

Online published: 2015-01-20

Fold

摘要

分析了巴丹吉林沙漠周边17个常规气象测站1951-2005年的逐月降水量及沙尘暴频次和东亚夏季风指数.(1) 沙漠周边地区降水量的空间分布明显受地形影响:紧靠沙漠的区域地势低、干旱,各季降水量都小;沙漠外围较远处(特别是受祁连山影响的西南边)地势高、湿润,各季降水量都大;地形增高会使降水量增多1个量级以上,但对其季节配额无明显影响.夏季降水量配额最大,平均高达61.6%.(2) 依据各站降水量年际变化间的相关系数及测站间的地域关系和地貌相似程度,可将该区域划为4个分区:一为地势较低、紧挨沙漠、极为干旱的沙漠西北缘区,二为气候较湿、受祁连山影响的沙漠西南缘区(或称祁连山影响区),三为位于巴丹吉林沙漠和腾格里沙漠之间的民勤区,四为远离沙漠、但与其周边地区地貌相似的沙漠东侧区.(3) 1951-2005年的各个年代,4个分区各季降水量由大到小的顺序均为:祁连山影响区、沙漠东侧区、民勤区和沙漠西北缘区,与其平均海拔由高到低的顺序一致;就各季降水量及其配额的年代际演变位相而言,祁连山影响区可以代表整个区域.(4) 1971-2005年各分区年降水量呈增大趋势,春季降水量增加尤为显著(增幅约为0.41 mm·a^-1),夏季降水量有减小趋势;随海拔增高,春季及年降水量增幅加大,夏季降水量减幅减小;祁连山影响区对全区年降水量增大的贡献最大.(5) 各季及年降水量与东亚夏季风的强弱间均呈复相关;其中冬、夏季及年降水量与夏季风间的负相关随海拔升高而加大,说明夏季风对沙漠以南高海拔处的降水影响更为显著.(6) 各季沙尘暴与降水量间以负相关为主,各分区冬、春季降水量偏多时,其冬、春季及夏季沙尘暴的发生频次一般偏少.

关键词： 巴丹吉林沙漠; 降水量; 年代际变化; 东亚夏季风; 沙尘暴

本文引用格式

李万元, 吕世华, 董治宝, 范广州, 陈雷华 . 巴丹吉林沙漠周边地区降水量的时空变化特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2015 , 35(1) : 94 -105 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00064

Abstract

Based upon analyses on the monthly precipitation, sandstorm frequency and East-Asian Summer Monsoon Index series during 1951-2005 from 17 meteorological stations surrounding the Badan Jaran Desert, the following facts have been disclosed. (1) The spatial pattern of precipitation over the study area is apparently affected by the topography, resulting in the drier climate over the lower-altitude regions, lying more closely to the desert, with less precipitation in each season, and a wetter climate over the higher-altitude regions farther to the desert, especially over the areas southwest to the desert affected by the Qilian Mountain, with a larger seasonal precipitation. The precipitation can be raised by one or more orders due to elevation in altitude, but with little influence on its seasonality. The summer precipitation contribution to the annual total reaches the maximum by about 61.6% on average. (2) According to correlation between one station and another in the inter-annual precipitation variation, the regional relation and the similarity in landforms, the study area can be divided into four sub-regions, including (a) the northwestern boundary region (NWD), closest to the desert, with a lower altitude and extremely dry climate, (b) the southwestern nearby region, with a more satisfying soil moisture due to more direct influence of the Qilian Mountain (QM), (c) the Minqin region (MQ), located near and between Badan Jaran Desert and Tengger Desert, and (d) the region east to the desert (ED), away from the desert, but with very similar landforms with other regions. (3) During each decade, each seasonal precipitation varied from one sub-region to another, with the sequence always being QM, ED, MQ and NWD from the large to small, in good agreement with their average altitudes. QM agreed very well with the whole study area in the inter-decadal variation phases of each seasonal precipitation and its contribution to the annual total. (4) During 1971-2005, the annual precipitation over each sub-region had generally increased, especially owing to the spring precipitation with its rise rate having reached +0.41 mm·a^-1, even with the summer precipitation having a little dropped. Besides, with the altitude getting higher, the spring and annual precipitations had risen by a larger rate, but the summer precipitation seemed to have reduced more gently; and QM had the greatest contribution to the whole study area in the rise rate of the annual total precipitation. (5) Each seasonal precipitation over the study area had increased with the East-Asian summer monsoon weakening. Besides, the elevated terrain seems to make the correlation coefficient between the East-Asian Summer Monsoon Index and the winter, summer or annual precipitation more negative, with the absolute coefficient getting larger, inferring that the East-Asian summer monsoon will more significantly affect higher-altitude areas such as the sub-region of QM. (6) Each seasonal precipitation mostly has a negative correlation to the sandstorm frequency, especially in that the increased winter and spring precipitations always corresponded very well with the dropped dust storm frequencies in the same, or the next season over each sub-region.

Key words： Badanjaran Desert; precipitation; interdecadal variation; East-Asian summer monsoon; sandstorm

参考文献

[1] 张强,黄荣辉,王胜.西北干旱区陆-气相互作用试验(NWC2ALIEX)及其研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2005,20(4):427-440.
[2] 鲍艳,吕世华.干旱、半干旱地区陆气相互作用研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(3):454-460.
[3] 黄荣辉,陈文,马耀明,等.中国西北干旱区陆-气相互作用及其对东亚气候变化的影响[M].北京:气象出版社,2011:28-56,100-135,337-354.
[4] 钱正安,宋敏红,李万元,等.全球、中蒙干旱区及其部分地区降水分布细节[J].高原气象,2011,30(1):1-12.
[5] 朱金峰,王乃昂,陈红宝,等.基于遥感的巴丹吉林沙漠范围与面积分析[J].地理科学进展,2010,29(9):1087-1094.
[6] Qian W H,Shan X L,Chen D L,et al.Droughts near the northern fringe of the East Asian summer monsoon in China during 1470-2003[J].Climatic Change,2012,110(1/2):373-383
[7] Piao S L,Ciais P L,Huang Yao,et al.The impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in China[J].Nature,2010,467:43-51.
[8] Shao T J,Zhao J B,Zhou Q,et al.Recharge sources and chemical composition types of groundwater and lake in the Badain Jaran Desert,Northwestern China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2012,22(3):479-496.
[9] Hurrell J W,Vanloon H.Decadal variations in climate associated with the north Atlantic oscillation[J].Climatic Change,1997,36(3/4):301-326.
[10] Trenberth K E. Changes in precipitation with climate change[J].Climate Research,2011,47:123-138.
[11] Zhang Q,Xu C Y,Chen X H,et al.Statistical behaviours of precipitation regimes in China and their links with atmospheric circulation 1960-2005[J].International Journal of Climatology,2011,31:1665-1678.
[12] Wang Y,Zhou L.Observed trends in extreme precipitation events in China during 1961-2001 and the associated changes in large-scale circulation[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2005,32:L09707.
[13] Wang W C,Li K R.Precipitation fluctuation over semiarid region in Northern China and the relationship with the El Nino/Southern Oscillation[J].Journal of Climate,1990,3:769-783.
[14] Li J,Zeng Q.A new monsoon index,its interannual variability and relation with monsoon precipitation[J].Climatic and Environmental Research,2005,10(3):351-365.
[15] 刘建刚.巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊和地下水补给机制[J].水资源保护,2010,26(2):18-23.
[16] 陈建生,赵霞,盛雪芬,等.巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊群与沙山形成机理研究[J].科学通报,2006,51(23):2789-2796.
[17] 郭永海,王海龙,董建楠,等.关于巴丹吉林沙漠湖泊形成机制的初步看法[J].中国地质大学学报(地球科学),2012,37(2):276-282.
[18] 常兆丰,仲生年,韩福贵.降水在沙丘中的渗透过程研究[J].防护林科技,2002,53(4):5-8.
[19] Kim J Y,Chang H J,Choi B-C,et al.Number size distribution of atmospheric aerosols during ACE-Asia dust and precipitation events[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,41:4841-4855.
[20] M.O.Andreae,D.Rosenfeld.Aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions.Part 1.The nature and sources of cloud-active aerosols[J].Earth-Science Reviews,2008,89:13-41
[21] Los,S O,Collatz G J,Bounoua L,et al.Global interannual variations in sea surface temperature and land surface vegetation,air temperature,and precipitation[J].Journal of Climate,2001,14:1535-1549.
[22] Wang Y, Yan Z W.Trends in seasonal precipitation over China during 1961-2007[J].Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Letters,2009,2:165-171.
[23] Duan A M,Wang M R,Lei Y H,et al.Trends in summer rainfall over China associated with the Tibetan Plateau sensible heat source during 1980-2008[J].Journal of Climate,2013,26:261-275.
[24] Fu J L,Qian W H,Lin X,et al.Trends in graded precipitation in China from 1961 to 2000[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2008,25(2):267-278
[25] Gemmer M,Becker S,Jiang T.Observed monthly precipitation trends in China 1951-2002[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2004,77(1/2):39-45
[26] 王小玲,翟盘茂.1957～2004年中国不同强度级别降水的变化趋势特征[J].热带气象学报,2008,24(5):459-466.
[27] Li C Y,He J H,Zhu J H.A review of decadal/interdecadal climate variation studies in China[J].Advances in Atmospheric Sciences,2004,21(3):425-436.
[28] Li Y F,Leung L R.Potential impacts of the Arctic on interannual and interdecadal summer precipitation over China[J].Journal of Climate,2013,26:899-917.
[29] Qian W,Lin X.Regional trends in recent precipitation indices in China[J].Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics,2005,90(3/4):193-207.
[30] Yatagai A,Yasunari T.Trends and decadal-scale fluctuations of surface air temperature and precipitation over China and Mongolia during the recent 40 year period (1951-1990)[J].Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan,1994,72(6):937-957.
[31] Zhai P M,Zhang X B,Wan H,et al.Trends in total precipitation and frequency of daily precipitation extremes over China[J].Journal of Climate,2005,18:1096-1108.
[32] Ho C-H,Kim J-H,Lau K-M,et al.Interdecadal changes in heavy rainfall in China during the Northern Summer[J].TAO,2005,16(5):1163-1176.
[33] Chen G S,Huang R H.Excitation mechanisms of the teleconnection patterns affecting the July precipitation in northwest China[J].Journal of Climate,2012,25:7834-7851.
[34] Li B F,Chen Y N,Chen Z S,et al.Variations of temperature and precipitation of snowmelt period and its effect on runoff in the mountainous areas of Northwest China[J].Journal of Geographical Sciences,2013,23(1):17-30.
[35] Li B F,Chen Y N,Shi X,et al.Temperature and precipitation changes in different environments in the arid region of northwest China[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2013,112(3/4):589-596.
[36] Liu X M,Zhang D,Luo Y Z,et al.Spatial and temporal changes in aridity index in northwest China:1960 to 2010[J].Theoretical and Applied Climatology,2013,112(1/2),307-316.
[37] Ma J,Chen L,He J,et al.Trends and periodicities in observed temperature,precipitation and runoff in a desert catchment:case study for the Shiyang River Basin in Northwestern China[J].Water and Environment Journal,2013,27:86-98.
[38] Ma Z G,Fu C B.Interannual characteristics of the surface hydrological variables over the arid and semi-arid areas of northern China[J].Global and Planetary Change,2003,37:189-200.
[39] Wang B L,Zhang M J,Wei J L,et al.Changes in extreme events of temperature and precipitation over Xinjiang,northwest China,during 1960 2009[J].Quaternary International,2013,298(17):141-151.
[40] Wang H,Chen Y,Chen Z.Spatial distribution and temporal trends of mean precipitation and extremes in the arid region,northwest of China,during 1960-2010[J].Hydrological Process,2013,27:1807-1818.
[41] 马宁,王乃昂,李卓仑,等.1960-2009年巴丹吉林沙漠南北缘气候变化分析[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(2):242-250.
[42] 马宁,王乃昂,朱金峰,等.巴丹吉林沙漠周边地区近50年来气候变化特征[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(6):1541-1547.
[43] 常兆丰,仲生年,韩富贵.民勤沙漠区气候特征的分析[J].防护林科技,1999,40(3):15-18.
[44] Wang B Z,Wu J,Li J,etal. How to measure the strength of the East Asian summer monsoon[J].Journal of Climate,2008,21:4449-4462.
[45] Yu R,Wang B,Zhou T.Tropospheric cooling and summer monsoon weakening trend over East Asia[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2004,31:L22212.
[46] Qian W H,Quan L S,Shi S Y.Variations of the dust storm in China and its climatic control[J].Journal of Climate,2002,15:1216-1229
[47] McTainsh G H,Lynch A W,Tews E K.Climatic controls upon dust storm occurrence in eastern Australia[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1998,39:457-466
[48] Gao T,Han J W,Wang Y S,et al.Impacts of climate abnormality on remarkable dust storm increase of the Hunshdak Sandy Lands in northern China during 2001-2008[J].Meteorological Applications,2012,19:265-278.
[49] Li W Y,LüS H,Yu Y,et al.On the way of impact and significance of the meteorological factor upon dust storm occurrence[J].Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions,2011,3(2):547-554.
[50] Rosenfeld D,Rudich Y,Lahav R.Desert dust suppressing precipitation:a possible desertification feedback loop[J].PNAS,2001,98(11):5975-5980.
[51] Ye J S, Li W H, Li L F,et al. North drying and south wetting' summer precipitation trend over China and its potential linkage with aerosol loading[J].Atmospheric Research,2013,125/126:12-19.

Options

文章导航

模态框（Modal）标题

摘要

本文引用格式

Abstract

参考文献