img

官方微信

  • CN 62-1070/P
  • ISSN 1000-694X
  • 双月刊 创刊于1981年
高级检索
沙漠与沙漠化

库布齐沙漠南缘抛物线形沙丘表面风速与输沙率的变异

  • 陶彬彬 ,
  • 哈斯额尔敦 ,
  • 乌格特茉勒 ,
  • 管超
展开
  • 北京师范大学资源学院, 北京 100875
陶彬彬(1989-),女,湖南邵阳人,硕士研究生,主要从事风沙地貌研究。Email:taobb@mail.bnu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2014-08-25

  修回日期: 2014-10-09

  网络出版日期: 2015-11-20

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(41171002);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD16B02)

Variation of Surface Wind Velocity and Sand Transport of Parabolic Dune at Southern Fringe of the Hobq Desert

  • Tao Binbin ,
  • Hasi Eerdun ,
  • Wugetemole ,
  • Guan Chao
Expand
  • College of Resource Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China

Received date: 2014-08-25

  Revised date: 2014-10-09

  Online published: 2015-11-20

摘要

以库布齐沙漠南缘典型抛物线形沙丘为研究对象,选取3个沙丘前端活动区的纵断面和一个贯穿两翼及翼间平地的横断面,同步观测各个断面的风速与输沙率,讨论抛物线形沙丘表面形态-动力学过程。结果显示,沙丘前端活动区3个纵断面的风速和输沙率遵循一般变化规律,即沿迎风坡上升逐渐增加,至丘顶及附近达到最大,并在背风侧降低;二者在3个纵断面上的变化趋势一致,但具体变化形式不同,沙丘表面动力与输沙过程存在较大的空间异质性。沙丘两翼具有纵向沙丘的动力学性质,翼体两侧风速和输沙率具有对称性。该沙丘沙源匮缺,前端活动区主要依靠两翼内侧侵蚀提供沙源。受沙丘形状和植被等因素影响,坡脚及坡下部风速与输沙率之间没有相关性,因此简单的风速放大率和输沙率变化程度无法准确揭示该类型沙丘表面复杂的形态-动力学关系。

本文引用格式

陶彬彬 , 哈斯额尔敦 , 乌格特茉勒 , 管超 . 库布齐沙漠南缘抛物线形沙丘表面风速与输沙率的变异[J]. 中国沙漠, 2015 , 35(6) : 1445 -1452 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00146

Abstract

In the present study, we focused on a typical parabolic dune at the southern fringe of the Hobq desert to discuss the dynamic process acting on this type dune. We selected three longitudinal sections at the dune head which is active and one cross section traversing the two arms and the deflation basin between the arms. The wind velocity as well as sediment transport rate were observed simultaneously. At those three longitudinal sections, wind velocity and sediment transport rate increase with rising elevation along the stoss slope. Besides, the wind velocity and sediment transport rate reach their peaks near the crest, then reduce at the leeward slope between the crest and brink. It was found that the change trend of wind velocity and sediment transport rate at the three sections is similar, while their change modes are varied significantly. In a word, there is distinct spatial heterogeneity of the flow and sediment transport process on parabolic dune. When flow blows obliquely into the dune, the arms of parabolic dune are considered to have dynamic properties of longitudinal dunes. The wind velocity and sediment transport rate of two flanks of each arm are symmetric respectively. Sand source for this dune is limited and mainly comes from erosion of inner flank of its arms. Influenced by factors like special dune shapes and vegetation anchoring on and around the dune, mean wind velocity has almost no correlation with sediment transport rate at the toe as well as the lower part of slopes. Therefore, simple fractional speed-up ratio and sediment transport rate change between crest and toe are not effective and accurate to reveal the sophisticated morphodynamics of parabolic dunes.

参考文献

[1] Nickling W G,Neuman C M K.Recent investigations of airflow and sediment transport over desert dunes[M]//Aeolian Environments,Sediments and Landforms. Chichester,USA:Wiley,1999:15-47.
[2] Lancaster N.Variations in wind velocity and sand transport on the windward flanks of desert sand dunes[J].Sedimentology,1985,32(4):581-593.
[3] McKenna-Neuman C,Lancaster N,Nickling W G.The effect of unsteady winds on sediment transport on the stoss slope of a transverse dune,Silver Peak,NV,USA[J].Sedimentology,2000,47(1):211-226.
[4] Lancaster N,Nickling W G,Neuman C M K,et al.Sediment flux and airflow on the stoss slope of a barchan dune[J].Geomorphology,1996,17(1):55-62.
[5] Wiggs G F S,Livingstone I,Warren A.The role of streamline curvature in sand dune dynamics:evidence from field and wind tunnel measurements[J].Geomorphology,1996,17(1):29-46.
[6] McKenna-Neuman C,Lancaster N,Nickling W G.Relations between dune morphology,air flow,and sediment flux on reversing dunes,Silver Peak,Nevada[J].Sedimentology,1997,44(6):1103-1111.
[7] Jackson P S,Hunt J C R.Turbulent wind flow over a low hill[J].Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society,1975,101(430):929-955.
[8] Dong Z B,Lv P,Zhang Z C,et al.Aeolian transport over a developing transverse dune[J].Journal of Arid Land,2014.6(3):243-254.
[9] 哈斯,董光荣.沙丘背风侧气流及其沉积类型与意义[J].沉积学报,2001,19(1):96-100.
[10] Walker I J,Nickling W G.Dynamics of secondary airflow and sediment transport over and in the lee of transverse dunes[J].Progress in Physical Geography,2002,26(1):47-75.
[11] Bagnold R A.The Physics of Wind Blown Sand and Desert Dunes[M].London,UK:Methuen,1941:265.
[12] Lettau K, Lettau H.Experimental and micrometeorological fileld studies of dune migration[M]//Lettau H H,Lettau K.Exploring The World's Driest Climate[M].Madison,USA:Center for Climatic Research, University of Wisconsin,1978.
[13] Sauermann G,Andrade Jr J S,Maia L P,et al.Wind velocity and sand transport on a barchan dune[J].Geomorphology,2003,54(3):245-255.
[14] Hack J T.Dunes of the western Navajo country[J].Geographical Review,1941,31(2):240-263.
[15] 岳兴玲,哈斯,庄燕美,等.沙质草原灌丛沙堆研究综述[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(5):738-743.
[16] 吴正.风沙地貌与治沙工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,2010:151-163.
[17] Pye K.Morphological development of coastal dunes in a humid tropical environment,Cape Bedford and Cape Flattery,North Queensland[J].Geografiska Annaler:Series A.Physical Geography,1982,64(3/4):213-227.
[18] Tsoar H,Blumberg D A N.Formation of parabolic dunes from barchan and transverse dunes along Israel's Mediterranean coast[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2002,27(11):1147-1161.
[19] 闫娜,哈斯,刘怀泉,等.抛物线形沙丘的形态与演变的研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(4):801-807.
[20] 马倩,武胜利,曾雅娟,等.艾比湖流域抛物线形沙丘形态特征[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(4):955-960.
[21] Wolfe S A,Moorman B J,Hugenholtz C H.Effects of sand supply on the morphodynamics and stratigraphy of active parabolic dunes,Bigstick Sand Hills,southwestern Saskatchewan[J].Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,2008,45(3):321-335.
[22] 吴霞,哈斯,杜会石,等.库布齐沙漠南缘抛物线形沙丘表面粒度特征[J].沉积学报,2012,30(5):937-944.
[23] Robertson-Rintoul M J.A quantitative analysis of the near-surface wind flow pattern over coastal parabolic dunes[M]//Nordstrom K F,Psuty N P,Carter R W G. Coastal Dunes:Form and Process. Chichester,USA:John Wiley & Sons Ltd,1990:57-78.
[24] Hansen E,De Vries-Zimmerman S,van Dijk D,et al.Patterns of wind flow and aeolian deposition on a parabolic dune on the southeastern shore of Lake Michigan[J].Geomorphology,2009,105(1):147-157.
[25] 张萍,哈斯,杜会石,等.抛物线形沙丘与油蒿灌丛之间的动态关系[J].科学通报,2012,56(35):3003-3010.
[26] 王萍,郑晓静.野外近地表风沙流脉动特征分析[J].中国沙漠,2013,33(6):1622-1628.
[27] Lancaster N,Baas A.Influence of vegetation cover on sand transport by wind:field studies at Owens Lake,California[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,1998,23(1):69-82.
[28] 凌裕泉,屈建军,金炯.稀疏天然植被对输沙量的影响[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(1):12-17.
[29] Iversen J D,Rasmussen K R.The effect of surface slope on saltation threshold[J].Sedimentology,1994,41(4):721-728.
[30] Hardisty J,Whitehouse R J S.Evidence for a new sand transport process from experiments on Saharan dunes[J].Nature,1988,332:532-534.
[31] 哈斯,董光荣.腾格里沙漠东南缘沙丘表面气流与坡面形态的关系[J].中国沙漠,1999,19(1):1-5.
[32] Andreotti B,Claudin P,Douady S.Selection of dune shapes and velocities,Part 1:dynamics of sand,wind and barchans[J].The European Physical Journal B-Condensed Matter and Complex Systems,2002,28(3):321-339.
[33] Hugenholtz C H,Wolfe S A,Walker I J,et al.Spatial and temporal patterns of aeolian sediment transport on an inland parabolic dune,Bigstick Sand Hills,Saskatchewan,Canada[J].Geomorphology,2009,105(1):158-170.
[34] Tsoar H,Yaalon D H.Deflection of sand movement on a sinuous longitudinal(seif) dune:use of fluorescent dye as tracer[J].Sedimentary Geology,1983,36(1):25-39.
[35] 张家武,陈广庭.塔里拉玛干沙漠中部地区线形沙丘表面动力学过程[J].中国沙漠,1999,19(2):128-133.
[36] Wang X M,Dong Z B,Qu J J,et al.Dynamic processes of a simple linear dune-a study in the Taklimakan Sand Sea,China[J].Geomorphology,2003,52(3):233-241.
文章导航

/