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  • ISSN 1000-694X
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沙漠与沙漠化

青海湖滨土地沙漠化驱动机制

  • 姚正毅 ,
  • 李晓英 ,
  • 肖建华
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  • 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所中国科学院沙漠化与沙漠重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000
姚正毅(1969-),男,甘肃镇原人,研究员,主要从事沙漠化与风沙工程研究。Email:yaozy@lzb.ac.cn

收稿日期: 2014-11-18

  修回日期: 2015-01-07

  网络出版日期: 2015-11-20

基金资助

国家重大科学研究计划项目(2013CB956000)

Driving Mechanism of Sandy Desertification around the Qinghai Lake

  • Yao Zhengyi ,
  • Li Xiaoying ,
  • Xiao Jianhua
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  • Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received date: 2014-11-18

  Revised date: 2015-01-07

  Online published: 2015-11-20

摘要

在自然因素和不合理人为活动的影响下,青海湖流域及其周边地区正面临土地沙漠化、湿地萎缩、草场退化、水土流失等严重的生态环境问题。本文分析了青海湖滨土地沙漠化现状及其驱动因素。结果表明:青海湖滨广泛分布的古风沙沉积物是现代沙漠化的沙物质来源,现代流动沙丘的粒度特征与古风成沙丘粒度极为相似,两者的继承与改造关系极为明显。草皮层及其下的粉沙土层是古沙丘的保护层。保护层的机械破坏,使下伏松散的古风沙沉积物暴露,是形成沙漠化的关键一步。随后在风蚀、雨水冲刷及其他因素的共同作用下,松散的古风沙沉积物被侵蚀,引起草皮层坍塌,导致古沙丘活化,风沙活动加剧,形成风沙沉积。流水侵蚀和地层沉陷是导致草皮层机械破坏的主要因素。青海湖水位下降,河流沉积,风沙入湖,都可使沙地面积增加,但仅限于湖边局部地方。

本文引用格式

姚正毅 , 李晓英 , 肖建华 . 青海湖滨土地沙漠化驱动机制[J]. 中国沙漠, 2015 , 35(6) : 1429 -1437 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00010

Abstract

Under influence of natural factors and the unreasonable human activities, the Qinghai Lake basin and surrounding regions are facing serious ecological and environmental problems such as sandy desertification, wetland shrinking, grassland degradation, and soil erosion. This paper analyzes sandy desertification status and its driving mechanism around the Qinghai Lake. The results show that widely distributed fossil dune is the sand supply of the modern sandy desertification. The grain size characteristics of mobile dune sand and fossil dune sand are very similar, and the relationship of inheritance and transformation between them are obvious. The turf surface which contained a dense growth of grass and its matted roots and underlying silty soil are the protective shell of loose fossil dune. Mechanical destruction of protective shell is the key step in formation of sandy desertification. The exposed loose sand is blown out by wind, forming of lateral concave pits which leading surface protective shell collapsed. With the expansion of wind erosion pit, aeolian activities intensified, leading the reactivation of fossil dunes and forming sandy desertification. Analysis shows that the subsidence of dunes and water erosion are the main factors that causing the destruction of turf layer. Other factors such as drop of water level of the Qinghai Lake, fluvial sediments, sand blown into the lake can increase area of sandy land, but these are only confined to someplace along the lakefront.

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