中国绿洲化及其研究进展

赵文智; 杨荣; 刘冰; 杨淇越; 李芳

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00057

中国沙漠 >

2016 , Vol. 36 >Issue 1: 1 - 5

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00057

“沙漠化土地恢复与持续利用国际研讨会”暨中国科学院奈曼沙漠化研究站30周年站庆会议论文选

中国绿洲化及其研究进展

赵文智 ,
杨荣 ,
刘冰 ,
杨淇越 ,
李芳

展开

中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所中国生态系统研究网络临泽内陆河流域研究站/中国科学院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730000

赵文智(1966-),男,陕西定边人,研究员,主要从事干旱区生态水文学研究。E-mail:zhaowzh@lzb.ac.cn

收稿日期: 2014-11-27

修回日期: 2015-04-03

网络出版日期: 2016-01-20

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(41125002)

收起

Oasification of Northwestern China: A Review

Zhao Wenzhi ,
Yang Rong ,
Liu Bing ,
Yang Qiyue ,
Li Fang

Expand

Linze Inland River Basin Research Station of CERN/Key Lab of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received date: 2014-11-27

Revised date: 2015-04-03

Online published: 2016-01-20

Fold

摘要

绿洲化是干旱区人与自然因素共同作用下荒漠向绿洲转变的过程。中国绿洲面积从20世纪50年代初期的20 000 km²扩展到2000年的86 000 km²,扩大了3.3倍。绿洲化过程不仅伴随着景观格局的变化,而且会引发土壤、生物、气象和水文等要素的变化。分析了近2 000 a来中国干旱区绿洲的演变过程,评述了绿洲化过程中景观变化,其对绿洲稳定性的影响及绿洲化过程中土壤要素、气象水文要素变化等诸多方面的研究进展,同时提出未来的研究中应加强绿洲化过程研究框架的建立、绿洲化过程中关键因素变化及绿洲化关键过程研究。

关键词： 绿洲化; 景观变化; 土壤要素; 气象水文要素

本文引用格式

赵文智 , 杨荣 , 刘冰 , 杨淇越 , 李芳 . 中国绿洲化及其研究进展[J]. 中国沙漠, 2016 , 36(1) : 1 -5 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2015.00057

Abstract

Oasification is the process opposite from desertification, and usually means the restoration-either natural or anthropogenic-of water and life, to a desert. The most significant characteristic of oasification is an increase in vegetation coverage and biomass production. The area of oasification in China reached 8.6×10⁴ km² in 2000, up from 2×10⁴ km² in the early 1950s, or an increase of 330% in the past 60 years, largely attributable to the expansion of cultivated land. Through this oasification, both human habitat and environmental quality have been greatly improved in this region. However, the process of oasification has also transformed the original landscape patterns, and more importantly, led to characteristic changes in the soil quality, biological organisms and their interactions, weather patterns and hydrology of this region. This study analyzed the evolution of oases in arid north China over the last two millennia; specifically, we reviewed the landscape changes that have occurred and their potential effects on oasis stability. We posit that a research framework for the investigation of the potential impact of oasification on the sustainability of arid ecosystems should be built in the near future, and that the key factors and processes involved in oasification should be identified and carefully studied.

Key words： oasification; landscape change; soil element; meteorological hydrological elements

参考文献

[1] 王涛.干旱区绿洲化、荒漠化研究的进展与趋势[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(1):1-9.
[2] 汪久文.论绿洲、绿洲化过程与绿洲建设[J].干旱区资源与环境,1995,9(3):1-12.
[3] 王涛.我国绿洲化及其研究的若干问题初探[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(5):995-998.
[4] 赵松乔.人类活动对西北干旱区地理环境的作用:绿洲化或荒漠化?[J].干旱区研究,1987(3):9-18.
[5] 张林源,王乃昂,施祺.绿洲的发生类型及时空演变[J].干旱区资源与环境,1995,9(3):32-43.
[6] 樊自立,艾里西尔,王亚俊,等.新疆人工灌溉绿洲的形成和发展演变[J].干旱区研究,2006,23(3):410-418.
[7] 钱云.历史时期新疆绿洲的演变和发展[J].干旱区资源与环境,1997,11(2):38-48.
[8] 程弘毅.河西地区历史时期沙漠化研究[D].兰州:兰州大学,2007:200-210.
[9] 申元村,汪久文,伍光和,等.中国绿洲[M].郑州:河南大学出版社,2001:445.
[10] 谢香方.新疆维吾尔自治区经济地理[M].北京:新华出版社,1991:310.
[11] 韩德林.新疆人工绿洲[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2001:220.
[12] 张青青,徐海量,樊自立,等.北疆玛纳斯河流域人工绿洲演变过程及其特点[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(1):72-80.
[13] 廖杰,王涛,薛娴.近55 a来黑河流域绿洲演变特征的初步研究[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(5):1426-1441.
[14] Luo G P,Chen X,Zhou K F,et al.Temporal and spatial variation and stability of the oasis in the Sangong River watershed,Xinjiang,China[J].Science in China:Series D-Earth Sciences,2003,46(1):62-73.
[15] 贾宝全.绿洲景观若干理论问题的探讨[J].干旱区地理,1996,19(3):58-65.
[16] 赵文智,庄艳丽.中国干旱区绿洲稳定性研究[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(2):155-162.
[17] 张杰,潘晓玲.焉耆盆地库鲁克绿洲扩展时空格局动态分析[J].资源科学,2009,31(8):1369-1377.
[18] Ma M G,Cheng G D,Zhao S P.Study on the dynamic change of landscape pattern of oasis in arid regions based on RS and GIS methods-application of Jinta Oasis[C]//Zhong Y X,Cui S,Wang Y.International Conference on Info-Tech and Info-Net.New York,USA:IEEE,2001:175-180.
[19] 常学礼,韩艳,孙小艳,等.干旱区绿洲扩展过程中的景观变化分析[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(3):857-862.
[20] 冯异星,罗格平,周德成,等.近50 a土地利用变化对干旱区典型流域景观格局的影响——以新疆玛纳斯河流域为例[J].生态学报,2010,30(16):4295-4305.
[21] 李小玉,肖笃宁,何兴元,等.内陆河流域中、下游绿洲耕地变化及其驱动因素——以石羊河流域中游凉州区和下游民勤绿洲为例[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):671-680.
[22] 曹宇,欧阳华,肖笃宁,等.额济纳天然绿洲景观变化及其生态环境效应[J].地理研究,2005,24(1):130-139,164.
[23] 赵文智,常学礼,何志斌.额济纳荒漠河岸林分布格局对水文过程响应[J].中国科学:地球科学,2003,33(增刊):21-30.
[24] 王根绪,程国栋.干旱荒漠绿洲景观空间格局及其受水资源条件的影响分析[J].生态学报,2000,20(3):363-368.
[25] Ma M G,Wang X M,Cheng G D.Study on the oasis corridor landscape in the arid regions based on RS and GIS methods-application of Jinta Oasis,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2003,15(2):193-198.
[26] 肖笃宁,李小玉,宋冬梅.石羊河尾闾绿洲的景观变化与生态恢复对策[J].生态学报,2005,25(10):2477-2483.
[27] 李小玉,张峰,肖笃宁.石羊河流域中、下游绿洲景观动态变化的比较研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(5):151-154,162,178.
[28] 卢玲,程国栋,李新.黑河流域中游地区景观变化研究[J].应用生态学报,2001,12(1):68-74.
[29] Luo G P,Zhou C H,Chen X.Stability of patches of oasis landscape in and areas:a case study of Sangong River Watershed,Xinjiang,China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51(Suppl):92-100.
[30] 罗格平,周成虎,陈曦.从景观格局分析人为驱动的绿洲时空变化——以天山北坡三工河流域绿洲为例[J].生态学报,2005,25(9):2197-2205.
[31] 罗格平,周成虎,陈曦.干旱区绿洲景观尺度稳定性初步分析[J].干旱区地理,2004,27(4):471-476.
[32] 曹宇,欧阳华,肖笃宁,等.基于APACK的额济纳天然绿洲景观空间格局分析[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(6):776-785.
[33] Li X G,Li Y K,Li F M,et al.Changes in soil organic carbon, nutrients and aggregation after conversion of native desert soil into irrigated arable land[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2009,104(2):263-269.
[34] Su Y Z,Yang R,Liu W J,et al.Evolution of soil structure and fertility after conversion of native sandy desert soil to irrigated cropland in arid region,China[J].Soil Science,2010,175(5):246-254.
[35] Gui D W,Lei J Q,Zeng F J.Farmland management effects on the quality of surface soil during oasification in the southern rim of the Tarim Basin in Xinjiang, China[J].Plant Soil and Environment,2010,56(7):348-356.
[36] 罗格平,许文强,陈曦.天山北坡绿洲不同土地利用对土壤特性的影响[J].地理学报,2005,60(5):779-790.
[37] 王雪峰,苏永中,杨荣.黑河中游绿洲不同开垦年限农田土壤线虫群落特征[J].应用生态学报,2010,21(8):2125-2131.
[38] 王惠,赵文智.绿洲化过程中绿洲土壤物理性质变化研究[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(6):1109-1115.
[39] 桂东伟,雷加强,曾凡江,等.绿洲化过程中农田土壤粒径分布性质变化[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(6):1354-1361.
[40] 李锋瑞,刘继亮,刘长安,等.土地覆被变化与管理对土壤动物群落演变的耦合效应[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(2):340-350.
[41] 李锋瑞,刘继亮,化伟,等.地面节肢动物营养类群对土地覆被变化和管理扰动的响应[J].生态学报,2011,31(15):4169-4181.
[42] 刘继亮,李锋瑞,牛瑞雪,等.黑河中游不同土地利用方式地面节肢动物对土壤盐渍化的响应[J].土壤学报,2011,48(6):1242-1252.
[43] Wang B Z,Zhang C X,et al.Microbial community changes along a land-use gradient of desert soil origin[J].Pedosphere,2012,22(5):593-603.
[44] 胡隐樵,左洪超.绿洲环境形成机制和干旱区生态环境建设对策[J].高原气象,2003,22(6):537-544.
[45] 李彦,黄妙芬.绿洲-荒漠交界处蒸发与地表热量平衡分析[J].干旱区地理,1996,19(3):80-87.
[46] 郑海雷,王介民,米谷俊颜,等.河西走廊沙漠和绿洲下垫面生态条件下能量交换若干特征[J].生态学报,2000,20(1):88-92.
[47] 张强,胡隐樵.绿洲地理特征及其气候效应[J].地球科学进展,2002,17(4):477-486.
[48] 刘树华,刘和平,胡予,等.沙漠绿洲陆面物理过程和地气相互作用数值模拟[J].中国科学:地球科学,2006,36(11):1037-1043.
[49] Xue J K,Hu Y Q.Numerical simulation of oasis-desert interaction[J].Progress in Natural Science,2001,11(9):675-681.
[50] 吕世华,陈玉春.绿洲和沙漠下垫面状态对大气边界层影响的数值模拟[J].中国沙漠,1995,15(2):116-123.
[51] 文莉娟,吕世华,孟宪红,等.夏季绿洲气候效应的观测和数值模拟[J].气候与环境研究,13(3):300-308.
[52] 苏从先,胡隐樵.绿洲和湖泊的冷岛效应[J].科学通报,1987,31(10):756-758.
[53] 韩松俊,胡和平,杨大文,等.塔里木河流域山区和绿洲潜在蒸散发的不同变化及影响因素[J].中国科学:技术科学,2009,39(8):1375-1383.
[54] 陈敏建,王浩,王芳.内陆干旱区水分驱动的生态演变机理[J].生态学报,2004,24(10):2108-2114.
[55] Chen M J,Wang H,Wang F.Water-driven ecological evolution mechanism in inland arid region[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(10):2108-2114.
[56] Liu B,Zhao W Z,Chang X X,et al.Water requirements and stability of oasis ecosystem in arid region,China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2010,59(6):1235-1244.

Options

文章导航

模态框（Modal）标题

摘要

本文引用格式

Abstract

参考文献