排灌系统底泥特征是反映土地利用变化生态影响的重要途径,为此对内蒙古河套灌区永济灌域灌排系统底泥有机碳和总氮含量进行了系统研究。结果表明:灌域内永济给水干渠(简称永济干渠)与四号、五号排水干沟(简称四排干、五排干)表层底泥的有机质(OM)及总氮(TN)含量特征分布有所差异。其中均以五排干上游底泥中含量最高,OM与TN平均值分别为3.60%和0.35%,超出河套地区平均值的4.82倍和2.94倍;其底泥有机指数也达到重污染水平,富营养化程度较高;永济干渠底泥OM与TN含量最低,分别为1.41%和0.03%,属于清洁贫营养化级别;四排干底泥OM与TN含量介于五排干和永济干渠之间,其上游较为清洁,基本接近平均值,C/N平均在17左右。排干底泥有机质与总氮含量之间显著相关,y(TN)=0.141x(OM)-0.180(r=0.978;P<0.001)。
The differences in different land-use patterns result in differences in contents of organic matter and total nitrogen in sediments of irrigation and drainage system, so we analyzed the characteristics in sediments in Yongji Irrigation Sub-District of Hetao Irrigation District in Northern China. The results showed that there was s difference in organic matter and total nitrogen contents between the surface sediments in the Canal and Drains. The highest content of organic matter and total nitrogen was in the upstream of the Fifth Drain and the mean value was 3.60% and 0.35%, respectively. The corresponding value was 4.82 times and 2.94 times higher than the average value of organic matter and total nitrogen. The organic indices showed that the contamination standard in sediments in the Fifth Drain was heavy and implied that eutrophication problem was serious; The lowest value in sediment was found in the Yongji Canal, while the mean value was 1.41% and 0.03% for organic matter and total nitrogen, respectively, which was considered as clean category. The content of organic matter and total nitrogen in the upstream of the Forth Drain was moderate, and close to the background value. Organic matter was significantly correlated to the total nitrogen in sediments: y(TN)=0.141x(OM)-0.180 (r=0.978,P<0.001).
[1] 张维理,武淑霞,冀宏杰,等.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(7):1008-1017.
[2] Jia X C,Shao L J,Liu P,et al.Effect of different nitrogen and irrigation treatments on yield and nitrate leaching of summer maize (Zea mays L.) under lysimeter conditions[J].Agricultural Water Management,2014,137:92-103.
[3] Feng Z Z,Wang X K,Feng Z W.Soil N and salinity leaching after the autumn irrigation and its impact on groundwater in Hetao Irrigaion District,China[J].Agricultural Water Management,2005,71:131-143.
[4] 胡宜刚,吴攀,赵洋,等.宁蒙引黄灌区农业排水沟渠水质特征[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(7):1730-1738.
[5] 荣伟英,周启星.大沽排污河底泥释放总氮的影响[J].环境科学学报,2012,32(2):326-331.
[6] 朱广伟,陈英旭.沉积物中有机质的环境行为研究进展[J].湖泊科学,2001,13(3):272-279.
[7] 赵锁志,孔凡吉,赵军,等.内蒙古乌梁素海海底总氮空间分布特征[J].现代地质,2009,23(1):82-85.
[8] 刘凌,崔光柏,王建中.太湖底泥氮素污染分布规律及生态风险[J].水利学报,2005,36(8):900-905.
[9] Dong L L,Yu D S,Zhang H D,et al.Long-term effect of sediment laden Yellow River irrigation water on soil organic carbon stocks in Ningxia,China[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2015,145:148-156.
[10] 孙惠民,何江,吕昌伟,等.乌梁素海氮污染及其空间分布格局[J].地理研究,2006,25(6):1003-1011.
[11] 陈如海,詹良通,陈云敏,等.西溪湿地底泥氮磷和有机质含量竖向分布规律[J].中国环境科学,2010.31(4):493-498.
[12] 王永华,钱少猛,徐南妮,等.巢湖东区底泥污染物分布特征及评价[J].环境科学研究,2004,17(6):22-26.
[13] 王佩,卢少勇,王殿武,等.太湖湖滨带底泥氮、磷、有机质分布与污染评价[J].中国环境科学,2012,32(4):703-709.
[14] 王喜宽,黄增芳,苏美霞,等.河套地区土壤基准值及背景值特征[J].岩矿测试,2007,26(4):287-292.
[15] 白军红,邓伟,朱彦明,等.湿地土壤有机质和全氮含量分布特征对比研究——以向海与科尔沁自然保护区为例[J].地理科学,2002,22(2):232-237.
[16] 刘旭,李畅游,贾克力,等.北方干旱区湖泊湿地沉积物有机碳分布及碳储量特征研究[J].生态环境学报,2013,22(2):319-324.
[17] 李晓霞,白洋.浅谈河套灌区农田氮磷流失量及对乌梁素海输入量的估算[J].内蒙古环境科学,2009,21(3):44-49.
[18] 蔡金傍,李文奇,刘娜,等.洋河水库底泥污染特性研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(3):886-893.
[19] 秦伯强.长江中下游浅水湖泊富营养化发生机制与控制途径初探[J].湖泊科学,2002,14(3):193-202.
[20] 孙惠民,何江,吕昌伟,等.乌梁素海沉积物中有机质和全氮含量分布特征[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(4):620-624.
甘公网安备 62010202000688号