塔里木河下游优势草本植物与地下水埋深的关系

王希义; 徐海量; 潘存德; 凌红波; 张沛

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00195

中国沙漠 >

2016 , Vol. 36 >Issue 1: 216 - 224

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00195

生物与土壤

塔里木河下游优势草本植物与地下水埋深的关系

王希义 ,
徐海量 ,
潘存德 ,
凌红波 ,
张沛

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1. 新疆农业大学, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830052;
2. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

王希义(1987-),男,山东滨州人,博士研究生,主要从事生态需水与恢复生态学研究。E-mail:binzhouwxy@163.com

收稿日期: 2014-09-23

修回日期: 2014-12-09

网络出版日期: 2016-01-20

基金资助

新疆研究生科研创新项目课题(XJGRI2015-090);中国科学院"西部之光"人才培养计划项目(XBBS-2014-13);国家自然科学基金项目(41471099);荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室自主课题项目

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Relation of Dominant Herbaceous Plant Species to Groundwater Depth in the Lower Reaches of Tarim River

Wang Xiyi ,
Xu Hailiang ,
Pan Cunde ,
Ling Hongbo ,
Zhang Pei

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1. Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052;
2. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China

Received date: 2014-09-23

Revised date: 2014-12-09

Online published: 2016-01-20

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摘要

对塔里木河下游区域的草本群落进行了调查,获取了其分布状况和群落特征资料,并记录相应的地下水埋深,探讨了区域内距离河流不同处地下水埋深与草本群落特征之间的关系。结果表明:(1)地下水埋深越大,草本群落的生物多样性越小,覆盖度越低,生态结构趋于简单,其中地下水埋深<6 m处草本群落的种类组成和物种多样性相对较高,>7 m处草本植物分布很少,部分地区也受到微地形和地下水埋深的双重影响;(2)在大尺度空间上,草本群落随地下水的分布特点与其他荒漠地区的分布规律基本一致,随着地下水埋深的增加,草本群落的演替次序为:高水位芦苇(Phragmites communis)群落、中水位鹿角草(Glossogyne tenuifolia)群落、中低水位骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsif)群落,不同地下水埋深对应的草本群落之间具有一定的差异性、相似性和连续性;(3)塔里木河下游优势草本物种的生态位宽度均不大,主要是受水环境条件的限制,芦苇与骆驼刺的生态位宽度相对较大,在区域内分布较广。

关键词： 优势草本物种; 地下水埋深; 相似性系数; 生态位宽度; 塔里木河下游

本文引用格式

王希义 , 徐海量 , 潘存德 , 凌红波 , 张沛 . 塔里木河下游优势草本植物与地下水埋深的关系[J]. 中国沙漠, 2016 , 36(1) : 216 -224 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2014.00195

Abstract

By conducting field investigation of the herbaceous community characteristics in lower reaches of the Tarim River and combined with the groundwater depth data, this paper discussed the relationship between groundwater depth and characteristics of herbaceous. The results revealed that: (1)with the increase of groundwater depth, the biodiversity and coverage of herbaceous presented a decreasing trend, and the ecological structure tended to be simple; The composition and species diversity of herbaceous were relatively high where the groundwater depth shallower than 6 m, while, fewer herbaceous plant distributed where the groundwater depth deeper than 7 m. (2)At large scale space, the distributed characteristics of herbaceous along with groundwater depth was in agreement with other desert region, i.e. as the groundwater depth increased, the order of succession was Phragmites Adans community with high water level, Glossogyne tenuifolia community with medium water level, Alhagi sparsif community with lower water level; there were otherness, similarity, and continuity among the herbaceous community corresponding to different groundwater depth. (3)The ecological niche width of advantage herbaceous species was not wide in the lower reaches of Tarim River, due to the restriction of water environmental conditions; while the ecological niche width of Phragmites communis and Alhagi sparsif, which were widely distributed, wider than others. To sum up, groundwater depth was the key factor which affected the species composition and type of herbaceous.

Key words： dominant herbaceous species; groundwater depth; similarity coefficient; ecological niche width; Tarim River

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