荒漠固沙植物羽毛针禾(Stipagrostis pennata)具特殊的根鞘结构,由植物、微生物、土壤共同参与形成。分析了沙土灭菌处理对羽毛针禾种子萌发、幼苗存活及根鞘初期形成过程的影响。结果表明: (1)灭菌沙土中,羽毛针禾种子萌发较慢,萌发率不超过25%,始终低于对照;而在土壤微生物的参与下,种子萌发率在种植19 d后即可稳定在25%的水平。(2)灭菌处理下,羽毛针禾幼苗成活率<5%;而土壤微生物参与下,幼苗成活率可高达36.54%。(3)幼苗种植40 d左右,灭菌沙土中的幼株出现萎蔫枯黄、最后整株死亡的现象;而自然沙土中的幼苗株高是灭菌处理组的1.72倍,并且仍保持鲜绿色。(4)沙土灭菌处理后,幼株出现黑根现象,根毛失水萎蔫,沙粒粘附性变差。可见,土壤微生物在羽毛针禾种子萌发、幼苗存活、根鞘初期形成中均发挥重要作用,是促进固沙植物生长的潜在生物菌肥资源。
Stipagrostis pennata, a typical psammophyte, can resist drought due to the formation of a special rhizosheath. Plant, soil and microbe work together to contribute to the formation of the rhizosheath. Sand sterilization experiments were carried out in the laboratory to investigate the function of soil microbes on seed germination, seedling growth and rhizosheath formation of Stipagrostis pennata. The results showed that: (1) On sterilized sand, seed germination rate was lower when compared to seeds planted on non-sterilized sand (control treatment). With the help of soil microbes, seed germination rate stablized around 25% after 19 d-planting on the non-sterilized sand. (2) Sand sterilization also dramatically reduced the seedling survival rate to near 5%, however, the rate was as high as 36.54% on non-sterilized sand. (3) After 40 d-planting, the seedling plant height on non-sterilized sand was 1.72 times greater when compared to sterilized sand plots. Fresh, light green seedlings were observed on non-sterilized sand while wilting seedlings were found in sterilized plots. (4) Sand sterilization was suggested to impede the formation of rhizosheaths. Sand sterilization visibly weakened the sand adhesion ability of the root. The root hair wilted due to the loss of protection from root and microbe exudate. In conclusion, soil microbes play an important role in seed germination, seedling survival and rhizosheaths formation of Stipagrostis pennata.
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