根据腾格里沙漠周边地区9个气象站点1960-2012年逐月平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温、降水量、平均相对湿度、日照时数和平均风速的观测资料,利用线性回归、滑动平均和Mann-Kendall突变检验分析了该区1960-2012年气候变化特征。结果表明:1960-2012年,腾格里沙漠周边地区年平均气温以0.34 ℃/10a的速率呈显著上升的趋势,并于1989年发生显著突变;从季节变化来看,冬季升温幅度最大,达0.52 ℃/10a;年平均最高、最低气温均呈显著上升的趋势,但是年平均最低气温的升温速率0.44 ℃/10a明显大于最高气温升温速率0.25 ℃/10a,增暖的不对称性导致年平均气温日较差以0.18 ℃/10a的速率显著减小。年降水量以1.08 mm/10a的速率增加,但变化趋势不显著,四季降水量均有不同程度的增加;湿润指数的变化亦不显著,年、春季、夏季和秋季湿润指数均有减小趋势,冬季湿润指数有增加趋势;年、季平均风速皆呈显著减小的趋势,年平均风速减小的速率为0.15 m·s-1·(10a)-1,日照时数以5.6 h/10a的速率呈不显著的增加趋势,各季节日照时数有不同的变化趋势,春季和夏季日照时数呈增加趋势,而秋季和冬季的日照时数呈减小趋势。
The meteorological data of 9 meteorological stations around the Tengger Desert are analyzed based on the liner regression method, 5-year moving average analysis method and Mann-Kendall abrupt test to get the climate change feature in this area in 1960-2012. The data includes monthly mean air temperature, mean maximum air temperature, mean minimum air temperature, precipitation, mean relative humidity, sunshine duration and mean wind speed in 1960-2012. The annual mean air temperature showed a significant increase with a rate of 0.34 ℃/10a in 1960-2012 and the abrupt change occurred in 1989. The increase of seasonal mean air temperature was also very apparent, with the most rapid increase of 0.52 ℃/10a in winter. The annual mean maximum air temperature and the annual mean minimum air temperature also increased significantly. But the annual mean minimum air temperature increased with a rate of 0.44 ℃/10a, which was faster than the annual mean maximum air temperature with a rate of 0.25 ℃/10a. This asymmetry resulted in the obvious decrease of annual and seasonal mean daily air temperature range in a rate of 0.18 ℃/10a. The precipitation increased slightly with a rate of 1.08 mm/10a, and the seasonal precipitation increased also. The fluctuation of wetness index is not significant, with an overall decrease trend in annual, spring, summer and autumn while increase in winter. Annual and seasonal mean wind speed change showed a dramatic decrease. The annual mean wind speed decreased with a rate of 0.15 m·s-1·(10a)-1. Annual sunshine duration increased with a rate of 5.6 h/10a. Seasonal sunshine duration changed differently in different seasons: it increased slightly in spring and summer and decreased slightly in autumn and winter.
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