流域生态补偿是当前生态经济研究的热点问题。在简要说明流域内生态系统服务与流域生态补偿的关系之后,从理论上分析了流域生态补偿标准的环境收益参照——机会成本变为环境收益,并以石羊河流域生态恢复目标为例开展实证,在考虑补偿总预算约束下,比较采用两种补偿标准参照生态补偿机制运行的效果。结果表明:采用环境收益代替机会成本作为补偿标准参照,对于提高农户参与生态补偿的积极性、保护生态系统服务行为的约束性作用明显;引入以机会成本与环境收益比值确定的优先补偿指标,在生态补偿资金预算约束下替代机制对完成既定生态恢复目标有显著促进作用。
Ecological compensation is the current hot issue of ecological economics research. Based on the brief description of the relationship between watershed ecosystem services and ecological compensation, this paper analyzes the reference of watershed environmental benefits of the ecological compensation standard, just transform of the opportunity cost into environmental benefits. Taking ecological restoration goals in the Shiyanghe River Basin as an example to carry out empirical analysis, in considering the compensation of the total budget constraints, we compare the effect of two different compensation standards for ecological compensation mechanism. The result shows that using the environmental benefits instead of the opportunity cost as the compensation standards has obvious effort in improving the enthusiasm of farmer participation in ecological and binding of the act of protecting ecosystem service. The introduction of the priorities compensation indicator that identified by the ratio of opportunity cost and environmental benefits has significant promotion effort to achieve ecological restoration goals at an alternative mechanisms which has ecological compensation capital budget constraint.
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