2013年8月，在腾格里沙漠东南缘1990年建立的人工固沙植被区，分别对油蒿（Artemisia ordosica）生殖株、半死株和死株3个退化阶段植株西北、西南、东北和东南4个方向生物土壤结皮（BSCs）类型、盖度和厚度进行了调查。结果表明：油蒿灌丛周围共出现了3类BSCs，分别为藻类结皮、地衣结皮和藓类结皮，藻类结皮分布范围最广。油蒿生殖株、半死株、死株灌丛均表现出西北方向BSCs盖度最大分别为89.75%、98.55%、80.40%；东南方向的盖度最小分别为23.10%、35.40%、25.44%；BSCs的厚度同样表现为西北方向最大分别为4.48、6.86、5.14mm，东南方向最小分别为2.14、3.26、2.80mm。油蒿生殖株、半死株和死株3个退化阶段BSCs总盖度表现为半死株> 生殖株> 死株，厚度表现为半死株> 死株> 生殖株。不同退化阶段的油蒿显著影响BSCs的拓殖和发育，尤其是处于BSCs演替后期的地衣结皮和藓类结皮；油蒿植株的生长过程的也是干旱、半干旱区地表微地貌逐渐变化的过程。
In August 2013, a quantitative survey of types, coverage and thickness of biological soil crusts (BSCs) at east, south, west and north areas under Artemisia ordosica canopy in different degradation stages was carried on re-vegetation area established in 1990 in the Tengger Desert. The results showed that there are 3 types crusts appeared around the A. ordosica was algae crust, lichen crust and moss crust, respectively; algae crust is the most widely distributed crust type. The greatest values of BSCs coverage in reproductive ramets, semi-dead ramets and dead ramets of A. ordosica occurred in the northwest of canopy were 89.75%、98.55% and 80.40%, respectively, and the lowest values occurred in the southeast of canopy were 23.10%、35.40% and 25.44%, respectively. The greatest values of BSCs thickness of reproductive ramets, semi-dead ramets and dead ramets occurred in the northwest of canopy were 4.48mm, 6.86mm and 5.14mm, respectively, and the lowest values occurred in the southeast of canopy were 2.14mm, 3.26mm and 2.80mm, respectively. The coverage showed semi-dead ramets> reproductive ramets> dead ramets and the thickness of BSCs was showed semi-dead ramets> dead ramets> reproductive ramets. A. ordosica in different degradation stages were significantly impact on BSCs colonization and development, particularly on lichen crust and moss crust in late succession of BSCs. The micro-topography of surface landscape in arid and semi-arid regions was along with A. ordosica plant growth changing.
[1] Belnap J,Lange O L.Biological Soil Crusts: Structure,Function,and Management[M].Berlin,Germany:Springer-Verlag,2003.
[2] 李新荣.荒漠生物土壤结皮生态与水文学研究[M].北京: 高等教育出版社,2012.
[3] Bowker M A,Maestre F T,Mau R L,et al.Diversity and patch-size distributions of biological soil crusts regulate dryland ecosystem multifunctionality[J].Ecosystems,2013,16:923-933.
[4] 云南森林编写委员会.云南森林[M].昆明:云南科学技术出版社/中国林业出版社,1986:125-153 .
[5] 刘法,张光辉,杨海龙,等.风向及油蒿植株对生物结皮分布特征的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2014,12(4):100-105.
[6] 张军红,吴波,贾子毅,等.毛乌素沙地油蒿植冠下生物结皮分布特征及其影响因素研究[J].林业科学研究,2010,23(6):866-871.
[7] Bowker M A.Biological soil crust rehabilitation in theory and practice:an underexploited opportunity[J].Restoration Ecology,2007,15:13-23.
[8] Li X R,He M Z,Zerbe S,et al.Micro-geomorphology determines community structure of biological soil crusts at small scales[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,2010,35:932-940.
[9] 赵洋,张鹏,胡宜刚,等.黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场不同植被配置对生物土壤结皮拓殖和发育的影响[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(2):269-275.
[10] Zhang J Q,Zhang C L,Ma X J,et al.Dust fall and biological soil crust distribution as indicators of the aeolian environment in China's Shapotou railway protective system[J].Catena,2014,114:107-118.
[11] Bowker M A,Belnap J,Davidson D W,et al.Evidence for micro-nutrient limitation of biological soil crusts:importance to arid-lands restoration[J].Ecological Applications,2005,15:1941-1951.
[12] Kidron G J,Barinova S,Vonshak A.The effects of heavy winter rains and rare summer rains on biological soil crusts in the Negev Desert[J].Catena,2012,95:6-11.
[13] Zhang Z S,Li X R,Dong X J,et al.Rainfall interception by sand-stabilizing shrubs related to crown structure[J].Science in Cold and Arid Regions,2009,1:107-119.
[14] Li X R,Zhang J G,Wang X P,et al.Study on microbiotic crust and its influences on sand fixing vegetation in arid desert legion[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2000,42:965-970.
[15] Pintado A,Sancho L G,Blanqueri J M,et al.Microclimatic factors and photosynthetic activity of crustose lichens from the semiarid southeast of Spain:long-term measure-ments for Diploschistes diacapsis[J].Bibl Lichenol,2010.105:211-224.
[16] Hui R,Li X R,Chen C Y,et al.Responses of photosynthetic properties and chloroplast ultrastructure of Bryum argenteum from a desert biological soil crust to elevated ultraviolet-B radiation[J].Physiologia Plantarum,2013,147:489-501.
[17] Thomas A D,Dougill A J.Distribution and characteristics of cyanobacterial soil crusts in the Molopo Basin,South Africa[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2006,64:270-283.
[18] 李新荣,贾玉奎,龙立群,等.干旱半干旱地区土壤微生物结皮的生态学意义及若干进展[J].中国沙漠,2001,21(1):4-11.
[19] 杜建会,严平,展秀丽,等.民勤绿洲白刺灌丛沙堆不同演化阶段表面抗蚀性及其影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(4):763-768.
甘公网安备 62010202000688号