Soil compaction lead to high soil bulk density negatively influences root and tuber of potato. In order to illustrate the effect and adaptation mechanisms of root tissue, stolon tissue, yield and quality of potato under different soil compaction, using potato varieties Shepody, Longshu No.8 and Qingshu No.9 as material, 0.79 MPa (T1), 0.98 MPa (T2) and 1.24 MPa (T3), on the root and stolon morphology, tuber yield and quality of potato seedlings were investigated using sand columns. The results showed that:(1) With increasing soil compaction, the root and shoot dry weight, root surface area and total root length decreased, while average root diameter and the ratio of root to shoot increased. (2) The increased soil compaction led to the increase of average stolon diameter and the decrease of stolon length. Comparing with control (T1), all the stolons length and diameter of three varieties reached significant difference at P<0.05 level. (3) Comparing with control (T1), no significant difference (P<0.05) was found in the tuber yield of three varieties under T2, whereas the significant difference (P<0.05) appeared under T3. The commodity rate of three varieties was significantly lower than control (T1) with the increasing soil compaction. (4) The dry matter and starch content were increased, the crude protein and reducing sugar content were decreased, and the vitamin C content had no significantly change with the increasing soil compaction. In this study, the response of Shepody, Longshu No.8 and Qingshu No.9 to soil compaction stress were indicated that high soil compaction was a negative impact on the growth and development of root, stolon and tuber, and also affect tuber quality.
[1] Stenitzer E,Murer E. Impact of soil compaction upon soil water balance and maize yield estimated by the SIMWASER model[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2003,73:43-56.
[2] Atwell B J.The effect of soil compaction on wheat during early tillering[J].New Phytologist,2006,115(1):37-41.
[3] Bengough A G,Mackenzie C J,Elangwe H E.Biophysics of the growth responses of pea roots to changes in penetration resistance[J].Plant & Soil,1994,167(1):135-141.
[4] Bengough A G,Young I M.Root elongation of seedling peas through layered soil of different penetration resistances[J].Plant & Soil,1993,149(1):129-139.
[5] Hurley M B,Rowarth J S.Resistance to root growth and changes in the concentrations of ABA within the root and xylem sap during root-restriction stress[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,1999,50(335):799-804.
[6] Braam J,Davis R W.Rain-,wind-,and touch-induced expression of calmodulin and calmodulin-related genes in Arabidopsis[J].Cell,1990,60(3):357-364.
[7] 许衡,杨和生,徐英,等.果树根际微域环境的研究进展[J].山东农业大学学报,2004,3(3):476-480.
[8] Young I M,Montagu K,Conroy J,et al.Mechanical impedance of root growth directly reduces leaf elongation rates of cereals[J].New Phytologist,1997,135(4):613-619.
[9] Saab I N,Sharp R E,Pritchard J,et al.Increased endogenous abscisic acid maintains primary root growth and inhibits shoot growth of maize seedlings at low water potentials[J].Plant Physiology,1990,93(4):1329-1336.
[10] Wolfe D W,Topoleski D T,Gundersheim N A,et al.Growth and yield sensitivity of four vegetable crops to soil compaction[J].Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,1995(6):956-963.
[11] 张国红,张振贤,梁勇,等.土壤紧实度对温室番茄生长发育、产量及品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2004,12(3):65-67.
[12] 贺明荣,王振林.土壤紧实度变化对小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响[J].西北植物学报,2004,4(4):649-654.
[13] 伍海兵,李爱平,方海兰,等.绿地土壤孔隙度检测方法及其对土壤肥力评价的重要性[J].浙江农林大学学报,2015,32(1):98-103.
[14] Vorne V,Ojanper K,Temmerman L D,et al.Effects of elevated carbon dioxide and ozone on potato tuber quality in the European multiple-site experiment ‘CHIP-project’[J].European Journal of Agronomy,2002,17(4):369-381.
[15] 赵永亮.一种同时测定小麦种子中直链淀粉、总淀粉含量的新方法——微量分光光度法[J].食品与发酵工业,2005,31(8):23-26.
[16] Lowry O H,Rosebrough N J,Farr A L,et al.Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1951,193(1):265-275.
[17] 王晶英.植物生理生化实验技术与原理[M].哈尔滨:东北林业大学出版社,2003.
[18] 刘福岭.食品物理与化学分析方法[M].北京:轻工业出版社,1987.
[19] 刘晚苟,陈燕,山仑.不同土壤水分条件下土壤容重对玉米木质部汁液中ABA浓度和气孔导度的影响[J].植物生理学报,2006,42(5):831-834.
[20] 毛娟,白江平,张俊莲,等.水分胁迫下马铃薯SnRK基因的表达模式与生理响应[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(2):481-487.
[21] Bengough A G,Croser C,Pritchard J.A biophysical analysis of root growth under mechanical stress[J].Plant & Soil.1997,189(1):155-164.
[22] Whalley W R,Clark L J,Gowing D J G,et al.Does soil strength play a role in wheat yield losses caused by soil drying?[J].Plant & Soil,2006,280(1/2):279-290.
[23] Filho M A C,Colebrook E H,Lloyd D P A,et al.The involvement of gibberellin signalling in the effect of soil resistance to root penetration on leaf elongation and tiller number in wheat[J].Plant & Soil,2013,371(1/2):1-14.
[24] 杨晓娟,李春俭.机械压实对土壤质量、作物生长、土壤生物及环境的影响[J].中国农业科学,2008,7(7):2008-2015.
[25] Benigno S M,Cawthray G R,Dixon K W,et al.Soil physical strength rather than excess ethylene reduces root elongation of eucalyptus seedlings in mechanically impeded sandy soils[J].Plant Growth Regulation,2012,68(2):261-270.
[26] Andrade A,Wolfe D W,Fereres E.Leaf expansion,photosynthesis,and water relations of sunflower plants grown on compacted soil[J].Plant & Soil,1993,149(2):175-184.
[27] Lipiec J,Horn R,Pietrusiewicz J,et al.Effects of soil compaction on root elongation and anatomy of different cereal plant species[J].Soil & Tillage Research,2012,121(121):74-81.
[28] Goodman A M,Ennos A R.The effects of soil bulk density on the morphology and anchorage mechanics of the root systems of sunflower and maize[J].Annals of Botany,1999,83(3):293-302.
[29] 刘克礼,高聚林,张宝林.马铃薯匍匐茎与块茎建成规律的研究[J].中国马铃薯,2003,17(3):151-156.
[30] 孙艳,王益权,杨梅,等.土壤紧实胁迫对黄瓜根系活力和叶片光合作用的影响[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2005,31(5):545-550.
[31] Passioura J B.Soil conditions and plant growth[J].Plant Cell & Environment,2002,25(2):311-318.
[32] Horn R,Domzżł H,Sñowińska-Jurkiewicz A,et al.Soil compaction processes and their effects on the structure of arable soils and the environment[J].Soil & Tillage Research,1995,35:23-36.
[33] 田国政,艾训儒,易永梅,等.不同施肥水平对马铃薯品质的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2009,48(7):1599-1601.
[34] 吉玮蓉.不同施氮钾量对马铃薯养分吸收、产量和品质的影响[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2014.
[35] 郑若良.氮钾肥比例对马铃薯生长发育、产量及品质的影响[J].江西农业学报,2004,16(4):39-42.
[36] 刘锋,张晓艳,刘延忠,等.马铃薯块茎还原糖含量与钾代谢关系的研究[J].中国马铃薯,2007,21(5):257-260.
[37] 张兴义,隋跃宇.土壤压实对农作物影响概述[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(10):161-164.
[38] 张晓艳,蒙美莲,门福义.马铃薯块茎还原糖含量与各器官含磷量的关系[J].中国马铃薯,2003,5:273-276.
[39] 黄鹏,温随良,晋小军.甘肃主要土壤的理化性质对马铃薯品质的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,1996,3:257-262.
甘公网安备 62010202000688号