Relationship between plant and water in arid environment is a hotspot in physiology and ecology research, but the connections between hydraulic redistribution (HR) and species diversity is still undiscovered. In this study, Based on the survey data of 120 quadrats in June, August and October 2010, the community under the P. euphratica canopy (Under community:UC) and the community outside the P. euphratica canopy (Control community:CC) were used to test the differences of community numerical characteristics, niche breadth and community diversity between UC and CC. The results showed that, (1) canopy density, abundance and community depth in herb and shrub UC (HUC and SUC) were significantly higher than these in herb and shrub CC (HCC and SCC) from June to October (P<0.05); (2) Margalef richness and Brillouin diversity index in SUC were significantly higher than these in SCC (P<0.05) across growing season, but there was no significant difference between SCC and SUC for Pielou evenness index (P>0.05). On the contrary, Margalef richness index in HUC only was significantly higher than these in HCC in June and October (P<0.05), but at other all times, Margalef richness, Brillouin diversity and Pielou evenness index were higher in HCC; (3) niche breadth in SUC and HUC were larger than these in SCC and HCC across growing season. In conclusion, P. euphratica HR significantly ameliorates the water conditions of shallow soil, which then influences the community numerical characteristics, niche breadth and community diversity.
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