By using analytic hierarchy process and synthetic grade weighting process based on climate data, land use data and vegetation coverage index desertification risk in Horqin sandy land was assessment. Results showed that the average desertification risk index were 0.420, 0.428, 0.437 in the year of 1995, 2000, 2010, respectively. Desertification risk of Horqin sandy land was high grade in 1995 to 2010, and counties of low desertification risk grades distributed in the north and west, while high desertification risk grades distributed in the south and east. Desertification risk grades of different counties showed a discrepancy from 1995-2010. Desertification risk grade of Kailu County increased, while desertification risk grade of Zhalute Banner decreased, Aohan Banner, Balinyou Banner, Horqin District and Kezuozhong County showed a fluctuant change, the other counties had not change. Area of medium desertification risk grade and high desertification risk grade decreased by 16 544.76 km2 and 4 223.25 km2 from 1995 to 2010, while area of low desertification risk grade and extreme high desertification risk grade increased by 16 544.76 km2, 4 223.25 km2, respectively. The main factors that affect regional desertification risk were annual mean precipitation, annual mean wind speed, vegetation coverage index, area of sandy land and grazing capacity, and increase vegetation coverage index contribute to the decrease of desertification risk.
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