中国锡林郭勒草原沙漠化的沙源及其地质学成因

吴昕; 徐凯; 张继吟; 李江风

doi:10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2016.00118

中国沙漠 >

2018 , Vol. 38 >Issue 1: 92 - 100

DOI: https://doi.org/10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2016.00118

古气候与环境演变

中国锡林郭勒草原沙漠化的沙源及其地质学成因

吴昕 ,
徐凯 ,
张继吟 ,
李江风

展开

1. 中国地质大学(武汉) 计算机学院, 湖北武汉 430074;
2. 集美大学诚毅学院, 福建厦门 361021

吴昕(1974-),女,福建泉州人,博士研究生,讲师,从事资源环境调查评价和公共管理研究。E-mail:nixwu@foxmail.com

收稿日期: 2016-07-29

修回日期: 2016-09-05

网络出版日期: 2018-01-20

基金资助

中国地质调查项目（1212011220096）

收起

Sand Source of Grassland Desertification and Its Geological Origin in Xilin Gol Steppe of China

Wu Xin ,
Xu Kai ,
Zhang Jiyin ,
Li Jiangfeng

Expand

1. School of Computer, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;
2. Chengyi University College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China

Received date: 2016-07-29

Revised date: 2016-09-05

Online published: 2018-01-20

Fold

摘要

从沉积学的角度分析了锡林郭勒草原沙漠化的地质背景和沙源。锡林郭勒草原直接覆盖在早白垩世二连盆地之上。该盆地各凹陷演化的生命周期完整，同沉积期构造演化结束于基底沉降减缓阶段末，而沉积充填演化结束于湖泊萎缩-平原化阶段，随后一直处于缓慢隆升状态。这样的盆地演化史，导致充填序列上部广泛发育了湖退体系域——厚度巨大且固结程度极低的河流-三角洲砂体。人为因素和气象因素破坏了草原植被，使这些规模巨大的砂体露出地表，造成草原沙漠化基础。显然，地质环境的脆弱性是生态环境脆弱性的决定因素。因此从某种意义上说，锡林郭勒草原沙漠化也是一种地质灾害。如果不进行有效的治理，将会出现大规模沙漠化。这种类型的沙漠化在中国华北、西北和东北乃至世界各地具有普遍性。

关键词： 草原退化; 土地荒漠化; 地质环境脆弱性; 锡林郭勒草原; 盆地分析; 二连盆地

本文引用格式

吴昕 , 徐凯 , 张继吟 , 李江风 . 中国锡林郭勒草原沙漠化的沙源及其地质学成因[J]. 中国沙漠, 2018 , 38(1) : 92 -100 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2016.00118

Abstract

This paper studies the causes of grassland desertification from basin analysis and sedimentology perspective. The Xilin Gol Steppe covers above Erlian Basin directly. Various depressions of this basin features a complete life cycle:Evolution of its synsedimentary structure terminated at the ending period of the basin basement subsidence deceleration stage while sedimentation filling evolution ended in the lake-shrinking-plain forming stage, then was in a slow rising state. The evolution processes and results of this basin caused a wide range development of the lakes regressive systems tract at the top of the filling sequence-river and delta sand body with huge thickness and low degree of consolidation. Human factors and meteorological factors destroyed the grassland vegetation, exposing these huge sand bodies to the surface, resulting base of steppe degradation and desertification. Obviously, the vulnerability of the geological environment is the determining factor of the vulnerability of the ecological environment in this case. Therefore, desertification in the Xilin Gol Steppe is a kind of geological hazard. Without immediate and effective controls, a large-scale of desertification may occur. This type of desertification is common in North China, North West and North East China. The paper will provide a basis for the treatment of this particular kind of grassland desertification.

Key words： grassland degradation; land desertification; geological environment vulnerability; Xilin Gol Steppe; basin snalysis; Erlian Basin

参考文献

[1] 朱震达.中国土地荒漠化的概念、成因与防治[J].第四纪研究,1998,18(2):146-155.
[2] 李政海,鲍雅静,王海梅,等.锡林郭勒草原荒漠化状况及原因分析[J].生态环境,2008,17(6):2312-2318.
[3] 康文平,刘树林,段翰晨.基于MODIS时间序列数据的沙漠化遥感监测及沙漠化土地图谱分析——以内蒙古中西部地区为例[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(2):307-318.
[4] 朱震达.中国的脆弱生态带与土地荒漠化[J].中国沙漠,1991,11(4):11-22.
[5] 刘钟龄,王炜,郝敦元,等.内蒙古草原退化与恢复演替机理的探讨[J].干旱区资源与环境,2002,16(1):84-90.
[6] 李洪文,杜绍敏,阴秀琪.内蒙古自治区东部荒漠化成因分析[J].自然灾害学报,2006,15(2):95-98.
[7] 刘志刚,王英舜.锡盟草原生态系统退化探析[J].内蒙古气象,2006(1):27-29.
[8] 马瑞芳,李茂松,马秀枝.气候变化对内蒙古草原退化的影响[J].内蒙古气象,2011(2):30-34.
[9] 徐大伟,陈宝瑞,辛晓平.气候变化对草原影响的评估指标及方法研究进展[J].草业科学,2014,31(11):2183-2190.
[10] 金云翔,徐斌,杨秀春,等.内蒙古锡林郭勒盟草原产草量动态遥感估算[J].中国科学:生命科学,2011,41(12):1185-1195.
[11] Sharma K D.The hydrological indicators of desertification[J].Journal of Arid Environments,1998,39(2):121-132.
[12] Saiko T A,Zonn I S.Irrigation expansion and dynamics of desertification in the Circum-Aral region of Central Asia[J].Applied Geography,2000,20:349-367
[13] Ruddiman W F,Raymo M E,Prell W L,et al.The Uplift-Climate Connection:A Synthesis in Tectonic Uplift and Climate Change[M].New York,USA:Plenum Press,1997:471-515.
[14] Molnar P,Boos W R,Battisti D S.Orographic controls on climate and paleoclimate of Asia:thermal and mechanical roles for the Tibetan Plateau[J].Annual Review of Earth & Planetary Sciences, 2010,38(1):77-102.
[15] 林年丰,汤洁.土地荒漠化的生态环境地质研究途径[J].第四纪研究,1993,13(2):191.
[16] 刘平贵,李雪菊.我国北方土地荒漠化形成的地质环境[J].地球学报,2000,21(2):190-197.
[17] 石建省,张永波,翟刚毅,等.中国北方荒漠化地质环境特征及其空间表达[J].地球学报,2001,22(4):340-344.
[18] 张殿发,王世杰.吉林西部土地盐碱化的生态地质环境研究[J].土壤通报,2002,33(2):90-93.
[19] 赵福岳,路云阁,姜德仁,等.松辽平原区荒漠化形成与发展的地质基础[J].国土资源遥感,2008(3):90-99.
[20] 李智佩,张维吉,王岷,等.中国北方东部沙质荒漠化的地学观[J].西北地质,2002,35(3):7-22.
[21] 杨利荣,岳乐平,李智佩.构造背景与中国北方荒漠化的形成、发展与演化[J].西北大学学报:自然科学版,2009,39(4):643-648.
[22] 沈亚萍,张春来,李庆,等.中国东部沙区表层沉积物粒度特征[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(1):150-157.
[23] 张文朝.二连盆地下白垩统的沉积相与含油气性[J].地质科学,1998,33(2):204-213.
[24] 徐书堂,马维民,王德仁.二连盆地白音查干凹陷下白垩统层序地层研究[J].沉积学报,2004,22(4):644-650.
[25] 梁洪斌,吴冲龙,李林波,等.二连盆地层序地层单元统一划分及格架层序地层学[J].地球科学,2010,35(1):97-106.
[26] Yao W,De Batist M,Wu C.Sequence stratigraphy of the Lower Cretaceous in Aer Sag,Erlian Basin,North China[C]//European Geosciences Union Assembly,2014:3933.
[27] Toshiaki Imagawa,Hiroshi Makiuchi,Hidesshi Fujiwara.Estimation of biomass and grazing intensity for grassland in Naiman,Inner Mongolia China using remote sensing[C]//Proceeding of Japan-China Workshop on land Evaluation of Prevention and Remedies for Desertification.National Institute of Agro-Environmental Sciences,Japan,1998:93-98.
[28] 仝川,郗风江,杨景荣,等.锡林河流域中游草原植被退化遥感监测及合理放牧强度的确定[J].草业学报,2003,12(4):78-83.
[29] 刘平贵,李雪菊.我国北方土地荒漠化形成的地质环境[J].地球学报,2008,21(2):190-197.
[30] 王国钟,刘爱军,建原.内蒙古土地荒漠化历史的考据[J].内蒙古草业,2007,19(1):4-8.
[31] Li S T,Yang S G,Wu C L,et al.Late Mesozoic rifting in Northeast China and Northeast Asia fault basin system[J].Scientia Sinica(Series B),1988,31(2):246-256.
[32] Graham S A,Hendrix M S,Johnson et al.Sedimentary record and tectonic implications of Mesozoic rifting in southern Mongolia[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2001,113:1560-1578.
[33] 孟庆任,胡健民,袁选俊,等.中蒙边界地区晚中生代伸展盆地的结构、演化和成因[J].地质通报,2002,21(4/5):224-231.
[34] Wernicke B,Christiansen R L,England P C.Tectonomagmatic evolution of Cenozoic extension in the North American Cordillera[M]//Coward M P,Dewey J F,Hancock P.Continental Extensional Tectonics.Geological Society Special Publication 28,1987:203-221.
[35] Wu C L,Wang X Q,Liu G,et al.Study on dynamics of tectonic evolution in the Fushun Basin,Northeast China[J].Science in China(D),2002,45(4):311-324.
[36] 马新华,肖安成.内蒙古二连盆地的构造反转历史[J].西南石油学院学报,2000,22(2):1-4.
[37] 罗修泉,陈启桐.内蒙古新生代玄武岩年代学初步研究[J].岩石矿物学杂志,1990,9(1):38-46.

Options

文章导航

模态框（Modal）标题

摘要

本文引用格式

Abstract

参考文献