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古气候与环境演变

新疆艾比湖湖泊沉积物元素地球化学记录及其生态环境意义

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  • 1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011;
    2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
    3. 中国科学院中亚生态与环境研究中心, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
丁之勇(1990-),男,江西抚州人,硕士研究生,从事干旱区湖泊沉积与环境演化研究。E-mail:ucaszyd@escience.cn

收稿日期: 2016-07-19

  修回日期: 2016-08-28

  网络出版日期: 2018-01-20

基金资助

中国科学院西部之光项目(2015-XBQN-B-18);国家自然科学基金项目(41501221,41471173)

Elemental Geochemical Records and Its Eco-environment Significance of Sediment Core in Ebinur Lake, Xinjiang, China

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  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3. CAS Research Center for Ecology and Environment of Central Asia, Urumqi 830011, China

Received date: 2016-07-19

  Revised date: 2016-08-28

  Online published: 2018-01-20

摘要

在对新疆艾比湖近代岩芯沉积物元素地球化学特征分析基础上,结合数理统计学方法对元素的来源及其反映的环境演变历史进行了探讨,最后利用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对岩芯表层沉积物中重金属的潜在生态危害进行了评估。结果表明:艾比湖岩芯沉积物中元素组成基本可以分为3类:第1类元素包括Fe、Mn、V、Ni、Li、Cr、K、Al、Co、P、Ti、Be、Pb、Cu、Ba和Zn,主要来源于流域陆源碎屑物,受流域侵蚀强度等因素影响,其中,Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、V、Zn等重金属以及营养元素P的富集系数1875-2011年由于受人类活动影响发生了较为明显的变化;结合重金属和营养元素P的富集系数有序聚类分析,以23 cm(1960年)为界可将艾比湖流域环境演变历史分为差异明显的两个阶段:(Ⅰ)1875-1960年,流域社会发展程度较低,人类活动导致的重金属输入少,流域环境主要受区域自然变化的影响;(Ⅱ)1960年至今,随着人口的增加,经济发展工农业活动增强,尤其是农业用水量增加,大多数重金属元素和P相对于前期有较为明显的增加。第2类元素有Mg和Na,主要来源于湖泊水中蒸发盐类结晶;由于绿洲农业的发展和灌溉用水的增加,在气候变化和人类活动的共同影响下,湖泊水位发生了剧烈的波动,造成Mg、Na等元素的波动变化。第3类元素包括Ca和Sr,受流域易溶元素风化淋溶作用控制。艾比湖沉积物中Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、V、Zn等7种重金属的潜在生态危害程度Ni(4.7) > Pb(4.6) > Cu(4.2) > Co(2.6) > Cr(1.7)=V(1.7) > Zn(1.1),7种重金属均属于低生态风险。

本文引用格式

丁之勇, 马龙, 吉力力·阿不都外力, 刘文, 葛拥晓 . 新疆艾比湖湖泊沉积物元素地球化学记录及其生态环境意义[J]. 中国沙漠, 2018 , 38(1) : 101 -110 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2016.00116

Abstract

Based on the research of geochemical characteristics of elements taken from the sediment core of Ebinur Lake, the source of elements and its reflective historical of environmental evolution in Ebinur Lake watershed were discussed with multivariate analysis method. Finally, the potential ecological risks of each heavy metal in surface sediment core were evaluated. The results showed that elements can be divided into three assemblages:The first assemblage includes Fe, Mn, V, Ni, Li, Cr, K, Al, Co, P, Ti, Be, Pb, Cu, Ba and Zn derived predominantly from terrigenous source materials, which are affected by intensity factors of the runoff erosion; among them, heavy metals enrichment factor(Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V, Zn etc.)and P have a significant changes after 1960 AD because of anthropogenic activities. The ordered specimen cluster analysis method was applied to study the lake environmental changes base on the enrichment factors of heavy metals and P; It was found that the environmental evolution of Ebinur Lake watershed since 1875 AD can be divided into 2 stages with 23 cm (1960 AD) for the sector:in Stage Ⅰ 1875-1960 AD, the heavy metal enrichment factors have a low values, and the contents of clay have a high values and a low waves; At this stage there was a sparse population in the watershed, environmental evolution mainly affected by regional climate changes. In Stage Ⅱ, from 1960 AD to present, with the increase of population and development of economic, most of the heavy metals and P enrichment factors increased significantly and a larger fluctuations. The environmental evolution was dominated by anthropogenic activities and climate change, and anthropogenic activities were gradually strengthened. The second assemblage includes Mg and Na consisted of autogenetic evaporative minerals. With the strengthening of anthropogenic such as development of oasis agriculture, increase of irrigation water and climate change, lake level undergo tremendous fluctuations, which influence the concentration change of Mg and Na. The third assemblage includes Ca and Sr, which derived from a dissolved terrigenous bicarbonate, and was deposited in the lake as solid carbonate. Finally, the potential ecological risk of heavy metals including Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, V and Zn were evaluated. The results showed the potential ecological risk of elements followed the order:Ni(4.7) > Pb(4.6) > Cu(4.2) > Co(2.6) > Cr(1.7)=V(1.7) > Zn(1.1), and the potential ecological risks of those heavy metals were all slight.

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