[1] Masaki T,Ota T,Sugita H,et al.Structure and dynamics of tree populations within unsuccessful conifer plantations near the Shirakami Mountains,a snowy region of Japan[J].Forest Ecology & Management,2004,194(1):389-401.
[2] Kang D,Guo Y,Ren C,et al.Population structure and spatial pattern of main tree species in secondary Betula platyphylla forest in Ziwuling Mountains,China[J].Scientific Reports,2014,4:6873.
[3] 陈育,杨劼,张璞进,等.西鄂尔多斯半日花(Helianthemum soongoricum)种群结构和点格局分析[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(1):75-82.
[4] Leak W B.Age distribution in virgin red spruce and northern Hardwoods[J].Ecology,1975,56(6):1451-1454.
[5] Somanathan H,Borges R M.Influence of exploitation on population structure,spatial distribution and reproductive success of dioecious species in a fragmented cloud forest in India[J].Biological Conservation,2000,94(2):243-256.
[6] Wu X,Zheng Y,Ma K.Population distribution and dynamics of quercus liaotungensis,fraxinus rhynchophylla and Acer mono in Dongling Mountain,Beijing[J].Acta Botanica Sinica,2002,44(2):212-223.
[7] 段桂芳,单立山,李毅,等.甘肃中西部地区红砂种群结构及空间格局特征[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(1):67-74.
[8] 张育新,马克明,祁建,等.北京东灵山海拔梯度上辽东栎种群结构和空间分布[J].生态学报,2009,29(6):2789-2796.
[9] 解婷婷,苏培玺,周紫鹃,等.荒漠绿洲过渡带沙拐枣种群结构及动态特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(15):4272-4279.
[10] 张志祥,刘鹏,蔡妙珍,等.九龙山珍稀濒危植物南方铁杉种群数量动态[J].植物生态学报,2008,32(5):1146-1156.
[11] Fuchs M A,Krannitz P G,Harestad A S.Factors affecting emergence and first-year survival of seedlings of Garry oaks (Quercus garryana) in British Columbia,Canada[J].Forest Ecology & Management,2000,137(1):209-219.
[12] 田润炜,蔡新斌,刘丽燕,等.新疆野苹果种群年龄结构特征与动态分析[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(4):811-817.
[13] 于顺利.中国温带疏林的地理分布、生态地位及成因[J].科技导报,2011,29(25):26-29.
[14] 唐蛟,蒋德明,王永翠.疏林草原榆树种子-幼苗更新过程研究进展.生态学杂志,2014,33(4):1114-1120.
[15] Wang X,Zhang B,Zhang K,et al.The spatial pattern and interactions of woody plants on the temperate savanna of Inner Mongolia,China:the effects of alternating seasonal grazing-mowing regimes[J].PloS one,2015,10(7):e0133277.
[16] 唐毅,蒋德明,陈雪峰,等.疏林草原榆树天然更新研究进展[J].中国沙漠,2011,31(5):1226-1230.
[17] 李钢铁,王永胜,余新晓,等.浑善达克沙地不同密度榆树种群空间格局[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(3):141-145.
[18] 谷伟,岳永杰,李钢铁,等.浑善达克沙地沙地榆种子雨的扩散规律[J].生态学报,2012,32(11):3440-3448.
[19] 赵玮,胡中民,杨浩,等.浑善达克沙地榆树疏林和小叶杨人工林碳密度特征及其与林龄的关系[J].植物生态学报,2016,40(4):318-326.
[20] Wang H Y,Li Z Y,Gao Z H,et al.Assessment of land degradation using time series trend analysis of vegetation indictors in Otindag Sandy Land[J].Earth and Environmental Science,2014,17:1-7.
[21] Su H,Li Y,Liu W,et al.Changes in water use with growth in Ulmus pumila in semiarid sandy land of northern China[J].Trees,2014,28(1):41-52.
[22] 陈有君,关世英,李绍良,等.内蒙古浑善达克沙地土壤水分状况的分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2000,14(1):80-85.
[23] 刘振,李红丽,董智,等.浑善达克沙地2种生境下榆树种群空间点格局[J].林业科学,2012,48(1):29-34.
[24] 于顺利,陈宏伟.内蒙古高原温带稀树草原生态系统特征与成因[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(4):549-554.
[25] Stohlgren T J,Bull K A,Otsuki Y.Comparison of rangeland vegetation sampling techniques in the central grasslands[J].Journal of Range Management,1998,51(2):164.
[26] 梁继业,于春堂,杨晓晖.改进的WHITTAKER方法:一种多尺度的嵌套式植物多样性取样方法[J].水土保持研究,2007,14(1):226-229.
[27] 宋于洋,楚光明,胡晓静,等.古尔班通古特沙漠梭梭种群龄级与龄级关系的研究[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(4):808-814.
[28] 郭微,上官铁梁,王志明,等.灵空山油松种群年龄结构与动态分析[J].植物科学学报,2013,31(2):130-135.
[29] 张亚芳,李登武,王梅,等.黄土高原不同地区杜松种群结构与动态[J].林业科学,2015,51(2):1-10.
[30] 吕海英,王孝安,李进,等.珍稀植物银砂槐中国分布区的种群结构与动态分析[J].西北植物学报,2014,34(1):177-183.
[31] 江洪.云杉种群生态学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,1992.
[32] 丁巧玲,刘忠成,王蕾,等.湖南桃源洞国家级自然保护区南方铁杉种群结构与生存分析[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(6):1233-1244.
[33] 张连金,孙长忠,辛学兵,等.北京九龙山不同林分树高与胸径相关生长关系分析[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014(12):66-70.
[34] 贺纪正,曹鹏,郑袁明.代谢异速生长理论及其在微生物生态学领域的应用[J].生态学报,2013,33(9):2645-2655.
[35] 胡尔查,王晓江,刘永宏,等.乌拉山自然保护区油松种群结构与分布格局研究[J].林业科学研究,2011,24(3):363-369.
[36] 吕朝燕,张希明,刘国军,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘梭梭种群结构和空间格局特征[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(2):380-387.
[37] Li W,Zhang G F.Population structure and spatial pattern of the endemic and endangered subtropical tree Parrotia subaequalis,(Hamamelidaceae)[J].Flora-Morphology,Distribution,Functional Ecology of Plants,2015,212:10-18.
[38] 张悦,易雪梅,王远遐,等.采伐对红松种群结构与动态的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(1):38-45.
[39] Abeli T,Cauzzi P,Rossi G,et al.Restoring population structure and dynamics in translocated species:learning from wild populations[J].Plant Ecology,2016,217(2):183-192.
[40] 李永庚,蒋高明,高雷明,等.人为干扰对浑善达克沙地榆树疏林的影响[J].植物生态学报,2003,27(6):829-835.
[41] 刘建,刘凤红,董鸣,等.浑善达克沙地南缘榆树种群的大小结构和邻体格局[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(1):75-80.
[42] 赵丽,王晓江,刘果厚,等.浑善达克沙地榆树种群结构、格局及动态研究[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(3):508-513.
[43] Miriti M N.Ontogenetic shift from facilitation to competition in a desert shrub[J].Journal of Ecology,2006,94(5):973-979.
[44] Dohn J,Demb l F,Karemb M,et al.Tree effects on grass growth in savannas:competition,facilitation and the stress-gradient hypothesis[J].Journal of Ecology,2013,101(1):202-209.
[45] Abdallah F,Michalet R,Maalouf J,et al.Disentangling canopy and soil effects of a savanna tree species on its understorey[J].Journal of Vegetation Science,2016,27(4):771-779.
[46] 刘普幸,张杰.瓜州绿洲胡杨种群结构与动态研究[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(2):407-412.
[47] 牛翠娟,娄安如,孙儒泳,等.基础生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007:72-74.
[48] 易雪梅,张悦,王远遐,等.长白山水曲柳种群动态[J].生态学报,2015,35(1):91-97.
[49] 张志录,刘中华,陈明辉,等.河南伏牛山区天然红豆杉种群结构与动态研究[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(3):262-268.
[50] Münzbergová Z,Herben T.Seed,dispersal,microsite,habitat and recruitment limitation:identification of terms and concepts in studies of limitations[J].Oecologia,2005,145(1):1-8.
[51] 张维,贾风勤,纳森巴特,等.新疆西天山峡谷不同坡向野核桃幼苗种群动态及生长分析[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(10):2596-2602.
[52] 彭羽.浑善达克沙地退化生态系统生态恢复的自然保护区途径[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院,2005:24-25.