img

官方微信

  • CN 62-1070/P
  • ISSN 1000-694X
  • 双月刊 创刊于1981年
高级检索
生物与土壤

腾格里沙漠人工固沙植被区浅层土壤水分对降水和生物结皮的响应

  • 石薇 ,
  • 王新平 ,
  • 张亚峰
展开
  • 1. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 沙坡头沙漠研究试验站, 甘肃 兰州 730000;
    2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
石薇(1989-),女,甘肃金昌人,博士研究生,主要从事干旱区生态水文研究。E-mail:shiwei_hope@163.com

收稿日期: 2017-01-07

  修回日期: 2017-03-31

  网络出版日期: 2018-11-06

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(41530750,41771101)

Response of Soil Moisture in Shallow Depth to Stochastic Rainfall and Biological Crust in Revegetated Sand Dunes in the Tengger Desert, China

  • Shi Wei ,
  • Wang Xinping ,
  • Zhang Yafeng
Expand
  • 1. Shapotou Desert Research and Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Chna;
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received date: 2017-01-07

  Revised date: 2017-03-31

  Online published: 2018-11-06

摘要

选择腾格里沙漠东南缘人工植被区3种典型的地表覆被类型(藓类结皮、藻类结皮和流沙)土壤为对象,选取发生在7月和9月的两次降水事件,研究浅层土壤(3、5、10 cm)水分入渗与再分布过程。结果表明:浅表层3 cm深度土壤水分在降雨初期均表现为跳跃式增加,而在降雨中后期由于土壤剖面不同深度水势梯度减小,降水入渗速率降低,土壤水分仅呈现小幅波动。在两次降水事件中,藓类结皮和藻类结皮对降水入渗的阻碍作用比较显著,入渗速率表现为沙土 > 藻类结皮 > 藓类结皮;从水分再分布看,生物土壤结皮的存在致使水分再分配过程表现出明显的浅层化;降水过程结束后,结皮促进水分的蒸发损失,从而减少植被可利用水分含量。人工固沙植被区广泛发育的生物土壤结皮对降水入渗与再分布过程以及土壤水量平衡具有重要影响。

本文引用格式

石薇 , 王新平 , 张亚峰 . 腾格里沙漠人工固沙植被区浅层土壤水分对降水和生物结皮的响应[J]. 中国沙漠, 2018 , 38(3) : 600 -609 . DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2017.00027

Abstract

An experiment to measure water balance associated with infiltration events was conducted on the revegetated sand dunes in the Tengger Desert, north-western China. We choose three land cover types (Moss dominated soil crust, Algae dominated soil crust and dune sand) to study the effects of land cover change on infiltration, soil water redistribution and evaporation under different conditions of rainfall events on 8th July and 30th September, 2015, respectively. The results showed that surface soil moisture changed remarkably at the early stage of rainfall occurrence with a sharp increase within three hours, whereas, soil moisture exhibited a slight fluctuation at the later stage of rainfall resulted from the decrease of soil water potential gradient. In general, the presence of moss and algae dominated soil crusts impede the rainfall infiltration, limiting the depth to which rainwater can infiltrate and/or redistribute. Furthermore, biological crust could increase evaporation. We may conclude that the land cover with different biological soil crust had significant effects on soil hydrological processes, inducing more shallow distributed soil water in the revegetated sand dunes.

参考文献

[1] Noy-Meir I.Desert ecosystems:environment and producers[J].Annual Review of Ecology Systematics,1973,4:25-51.
[2] Wang S,Fu B J,Gao G Y,et al.Responses of soil moisture in different land cover types to rainfall events in a re-vegetation catchment area of the Loess Plateau,China[J].Catena,2013(101):122-128.
[3] Wang X P,Cui Y,Pan Y X,et al.Effects of rainfall characteristics on infiltration and redistribution patterns in revegetation-stabilized desert ecosystems[J].Journal of Hydrology,2008(358):134-143.
[4] Hillel D.Environmental Soil Physics[M].San Diego,USA:Academic Press,1998:771.
[5] He Z B,Zhao W Z,Liu H,et al.The response of soil moisture to rainfall event size in subalpine grassland and meadows in a semi-arid mountain range:a case study in morthwestern China's Qilian Mountains[J].Journal of Hydrology,2012(420/421):183-190.
[6] D'Odorico P,Caylor K S.Okin G,et al.On soil moisture-vegetation feedbacks and their possible effects on the dynamics of dryland ecosystems[J].Jortnal of Geophysical Research,2007(112):G04010.
[7] Heathman G C,Cosh M H,Merwade V,et al.Multi-scale temporal stability analysis of surface and subsurface soil moisture within the Upper Cedar Creek Watershed,Indiana[J].Catena,2012,95:91-103.
[8] Penna D,Brocca L,Borga M,et al.Soil moisture temporal stability at different depths on two alpine hillslopes during wet and dry periods[J].Journal of Hydrology,2013(477):55-71.
[9] Ojha R,Morbidelli R,Saltalippi C,et al.Scaling of surface soil moisture over heterogeneous fields subjected to a single rainfall event[J].Journal of Hydrology,2014(516):21-36.
[10] 姚月锋,满秀玲.毛乌素沙地不同林龄沙柳表层土壤水分空间异质性[J].水土保持学报,2007,21(1):111-115.
[11] Chamizo S,Cantón Y,Lázaro R,et al.Curst composition and disturbance drive infiltration through biological soil crusts in semiarid ecosystems[J].Ecosystems,2012(15):148-161.
[12] Chamizo S,Cantón Y,Rodríguez-Caballero E,et al.Biocrusts positively affect the soil water balance in semiarid ecosystems[J].Ecohydrology,2016,9(7):1208-1221.
[13] 李新荣,张元明,赵允格.生物土壤结皮研究:进展、前沿与展望[J].地球科学进展,2009,24(1):11-23.
[14] Belnap J,Gardner J S.Soil microstructure in soils of the Colorado plateau the role of the cyanobacterium Microcoleus vaginatus[J].Great Basin Naturalist,1993,53(1):40-47.
[15] Belnap J.Microbes and microfauna associated with biological soil crusts[M]//Belnap J,Lange O L.Biological Soil Crusts:Structure,Function,and Management.Berlin,Germany:Springer-Verlag,2003:167-174
[16] Chamizo S,Cant n Y,L zaro R,et al.The role of biological soil crusts in soil moisture dynamics in two semiarid ecosystems with contrasting soil testures[J].Journal of Hydrology,2013(489):74-84.
[17] Chamizo S,Cant n Y,Miralles I,et al.Biological soil crust development affects physicochemical characteristics of soil surface in semiarid ecosystems[J].Soil Biology &Biochemistry,2012(49):96-105.
[18] Giora J Kidron,Shimon Y T.The effect of biocrusts on evaporation from sand dunes in the Negev Desert[J].Geoderma,2012(179/180):104-112.
[19] Malam Issa O,Valentin C,Rajot J L,et al.Runoff generation fostered by physical and biological crusts in semi-arid sandy soils[J].Geoderma,2011(22):167-168.
[20] 余韵,卫伟,吴南生,等.黄土丘陵区不同土地利用类型下生物土壤结皮的入渗效应[J].环境科学研究,2014,27(4):415-421.
[21] 张侃侃,卜崇峰,高国雄.黄土高原生物结皮对土壤水分入渗的影响[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(5):808-812.
[22] Yair A,Almog R,Veste M.Differential hydrological response of biological topsoil crusts along a rainfall gradient in a sandy arid area:Northern Negev desert,Israel[J].Catena,2011(87):326-333.
[23] 乔宇,徐先英,付贵全,等.民勤绿洲边缘不同年代土壤结皮特性及对水文过程的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(4):1-6.
[24] 李守中,肖洪浪,罗芳,等.沙坡头植被固沙区生物结皮对土壤水文过程的调控作用[J].中国沙漠,2005,25(2):228-233.
[25] 熊好琴,段金跃,王妍,等.毛乌素沙地生物结皮对水分入渗和再分配的影响[J].水土保持研究,2011,18(4):82-87.
[26] Almog R,Yair A.Negative and positive effects of topsoil biological crusts on water availability along a rainfall gradient in a sandy arid area[J].Catena,2007(70):437-442.
[27] 王新平,肖洪浪,张景光,等.荒漠地区生物土壤结皮的水文物理特征分析[J].水科学进展,2006,17(5):592-598.
[28] 王新平,李新荣,康尔泗,等.腾格里沙漠东南缘人工植被区降水入渗与再分配规律研究[J].生态学报,2003,33(6):1234-1241.
[29] Jana L.Heisler-While,Alan K.Knapp,Eugene F.Kelly.Increasing precipitation event size increases aboveground net primary productivity in a semi-arid grassland[J].Oecologia,2008(158):129-140.
[30] 王新平,张景光,李新荣,等.沙坡头地区多年降水分布特征、趋势及其变率[J].中国沙漠,2001,21(4):261-264.
[31] Wang X P,Zhang Y F,Hu R,et a.Revisit of event-based rainfall characteristics at Shapotou area in north China[J].Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions,2016,8(6):477-484.
[32] 肖庆礼,黄明斌,绍明安,等.黑河中游绿洲不同质地土壤水分的入渗与再分布[J].农业工程学报,2014,30(2):124-131.
[33] Yao S X,Zhao C C,Zhang T H,et al.Response of the soil water content of mobile dunes to precipitation patterns in Inner Mongolia,northern China[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2013(97):92-98.
[34] Li X R,Wang X P,Li T,et al.Microbiotic soil crust and its effect on vegetation and habitat on artificially stabilized desert dunes in Tengger Desert,North China[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2002,35(3):147-154.
[35] Boxell J,Drohan P J.Surface soil physical and hydrological characteristics in Bormus tectorum L.(cheatgrass) versus Artemisia tridentata Nutt.(big sagebrush) habitat[J].Geoderma,2009(149):305-311.
[36] Belnap J.The potential roles of biological soil crusts in dryland hydrologic cycles[J].Hydrological Processes,2006(20):3159-3178.
[37] 李新荣.荒漠生物土壤结皮生态与水文学研究[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2012:224-225.
[38] 王靖,于强,李湘阁,等.用光合-蒸散耦合模型模拟冬小麦水热通量的日变化[J].应用生态学报,2004,15(11):2077-2082.
[39] Rodríguez-Caballero E,Cantón Y,Chamizo S,et al.Soil loss and runoff in semiarid ecosystems:a complex interaction between biological soil crusts,micro-topography,and hydrological drivers[J].Ecosystems,2013(16):529-546.
[40] Kidron G J.Do mosses serve as sink for rain in the Negev Desert?A theoretical and experimental approach[J].Catena,2014(121):31-39.
[41] Xiao B,Hu K L,Ren T S,et al.Moss-dominated biological soil crusts significantly influence soil moisture and temperature regimes in semiarid ecosystems[J].Geoderma,2016(263):35-46.
[42] Li X R,Tian F,Jia R L,et al.Do biological soil crusts determine vegetation changes in sandy deserts? implications for managning artifical vegetation[J].Hydrological Processes,2010(24):3621-3630.
[43] Raz-Yaseef N,Yakir D,Schiller G,et al.Dynamics of evapotranspiration partitioning in a semi-arid forest as affected by temporal rainfall patterns[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2012(157):77-85.
[44] Rodríguez-Caballero E,Aguilar M A,Canton Y,et al.Swelling of biocrusts upon wetting induces changes in surface micro-topography[J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2015(82):107-111.
文章导航

/