分别从经济总量、人口规模和生态容量的视角，利用环境基尼系数和生态负荷系数，对西江流域资源环境利用的公平性进行了分析。结果表明：（1）从经济总量的视角分析，西江流域城市间能源消耗和化学需氧量（COD）排放比较一致，用水量差距偏大。经济发达地区的环境公平性总体上优于经济欠发达地区。（2）从人口规模的视角分析，西江流域城市间能源消耗、用水量和COD排放比较一致，环境公平性总体较好。（3）从生态容量的视角分析，西江流域能源消耗、用水量和COD排放、SO₂排放资源环境基尼系数都超过了0.4的警戒线，且普遍高于GDP和人口对应的资源环境基尼系数，环境公平性总体上较差。（4）西江流域基于GDP、人口和生态容量的SO₂排放资源环境基尼系数均超过了0.4的警戒线，地方政府应积极采取有效措施，降低SO₂的排放量。

The fairness of the resource exploitation and utilization are analyzed in Xijiang River basin based on the resource environment Gini coefficient of GDP, regional population and ecological capacity. The results showed:(1) from the perspective of economic aggregate, the energy consumption and COD emissions are relatively balanced, water consumption has the big difference between cities. The environmental fairness of the economically developed areas is generally superior to the less developed areas. (2) From the perspective of regional population, the energy consumption, COD emissions and water consumption are relatively balanced. The environment fairness in Guangdong is generally good in Xijiang River basin. (3) From the perspective of ecological capacity, the Gini coefficient based on ecological capacity are all at the level over 0.4-the cautionary line, and are generally greater than that of GDP. The environment fairness is generally poor between cities of Xijiang River basin. (4) the Gini coefficient based on GDP, regional population and ecological capacity are all at the level over 0.4-the cautionary line in Xijiang River basin. The local government should take effective measures to reduce the SO₂ emission.