沙丘水分的深层渗漏和侧向运移与深层土壤水、地下水及相邻丘间低地的水分状况密切关联。以科尔沁沙地典型流动沙丘迎风坡坡底，迎风坡坡中、坡顶、背风坡坡中和背风坡坡底监测点为例，采用自制的水分渗漏量及侧向运移量的监测装置，测定了科尔沁沙地流动沙丘各坡位入渗到0~100 cm土层雨水沿坡面的侧向运移量及入渗到100 cm以下的深层渗漏量。结果表明：生长季（5—10月）流动沙丘坡顶、迎风坡坡中、背风坡坡中、背风坡坡底处累积深层渗漏量分别为44.46、78.65、61.84、147.6 mm，分别占同期降雨量的17.03%、30.12%、23.68%、56.53%；迎风坡坡中、背风坡坡中、背风坡坡底处的累积侧向运移量分别为32.35、96.47、82.59 mm，分别占同期降雨量的12.39%、36.95%、31.63%。迎风坡坡中（P<0.01）和坡顶（P<0.05）的月深层渗漏量与月降雨量均显著正相关；背风坡坡中（P<0.01）和背风坡坡底（P<0.05）的月侧向运移量与降雨量均显著正相关。
Deep percolation and lateral flow in sandy dunes are closely related to soil water conditions of deep soil layer, ground water and interdune lowlands. In this study, we used a deep percolation and lateral flow monitoring device to measure the quantity of percolation of rainwater into the deep soil, 100 cm below ground, and the quantity of lateral flow in the 0-100 cm soil layer, in four locations of mobile sand dune: at the top, the middle of windward slope and leeward slope, and the bottom of leeward slope, during the growing season (from May to October). The result showed that during the growing season (from May to October), the quantities of percolation of rainwater into the deep soil (100 cm below) reached 44.46, 78.65, 61.84 and 147.6 mm, composing 17.03%, 30.12%, 23.68% and 56.53% of total rainfall at the top, the middle of windward slope, the middle of leeward slope, and the bottom of leeward slope, respectively. The quantities of lateral flow reached 32.35, 96.47 and 82.59 mm, composing 12.39%, 36.95% and 31.63% of total rainfall at the middle of windward slope, the middle of leeward slope, and the bottom of leeward slope, respectively. The quantities of monthly rainfall and the monthly deep percolation was significantly positive correlation at the middle of windward slope (P<0.01) and the top of the mobile sand dune (P<0.05). The quantities of monthly Rainfall and the monthly lateral flow was significantly positive correlation at the middle of leeward slope (P<0.01) and the bottom of leeward slope (P<0.05) of the mobile sand dune.
[1] 李小雁.干旱地区土壤-植被-水文耦合、响应与适应机制[J].中国科学(地球科学),2011,41(12):1721-1730.
[2] 朱雅娟,吴波,卢琦.干旱区对降水变化响应的研究进展[J].林业科学研究,2012,25(1):100-106.
[3] 雷志栋,胡和平.土壤水研究进展与评述[J].水科学进展,1999,10(3):311-318.
[4] Yang W B,Tang J N,Liang H R,et al.Deep soil water infiltration and its dynamic variation in the shifting sandy land of typical deserts in China[J].Sience China:Earth Sience,2014,57(8):1816-1824.
[5] 李新荣,张志山,王新平,等.干旱区土壤植被系统恢复的生态水文学研究进展[J]中国沙漠,2009,29(5):845-852.
[6] 刘新平,赵哈林,何玉惠,等.生长季流动沙地水量平衡研究[J].中国沙漠,2009,29(4):663-667.
[7] 赵从举,康慕谊,雷加强.古尔班通古特沙漠腹地土壤水分时空分异研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(4):158-161.
[8] 刘昊,周宏飞,刘翔.强降雨条件下沙丘土壤水分运移特征分析[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):157-162.
[9] 张楠楠,关文彬,谢静,等.科尔沁沙地东南缘大青沟自然保护区土壤水分的时空分布特征[J].生态学报,2007,27(9):3860-3873.
[10] 周宏飞,肖祖炎,姚海娇,等.古尔班通古特沙漠树枝状沙丘土壤水分时空变异特征[J].水科学进展,2013,24(6):771-777.
[11] Qiu Y,Fu B,Wang J,et al.Soil moisture variation in relation to topography and land use in a hillslope catchment of the Loess Plateau,China[J].Journal of Hydrology,2001,240:243-263.
[12] Qiu Y,Fu B,Wang J,et al.Spatial variability of soil moisture content and its relation to environmental indices in a semi-arid gully catchment of the Loess Plateau,China[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2001b,49:723-750.
[13] 邱扬,傅伯杰,王军,等.土壤水分时空变异及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态学杂志,2007,26(1):100-107.
[14] Sinai G,Dirksen C.Experimental evidence of lateral flow in unsaturated homogeneous isotropic sloping soil due to rainfall[J].Water Resources Research,2006,42:W12402.
[15] Kim S,Sun H,Jung S.Configuration of the relationship of soil moistures for vertical soil profiles on a steep hillslope using a vector time series model[J].Journal of Hydrology,2011,399:353-363.
[16] Lu N,Kaya B S,Godt J W.Direction of unsaturated flow in a homogeneous and isotropic hill slope[J].Water Resources Research,2011,47:W02519.
[17] Lv M X,Hao Z C,Liu Z B,et al.Conditions for lateral downslope unsaturated flow and effects of slope angle on soil moisture movement[J].Journal of Hydrology,2013,486:321-333.
[18] 邵东国,杨霞,徐保利,等.南方丘陵区多层土壤结构水平和垂向渗流特征试验与模拟研究[J].水利学报,2017,48(7):799-807.
[19] 冯伟,杨文斌,唐进年,等.中国沙漠(地)深层渗漏量及动态特征[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(5):1362-1370.
[20] 李卫,冯伟,杨文斌,等.流动沙丘水分深层入渗量与降雨的关系[J].水科学进展,2015,26(6):779-786.
[21] 姚冬梅,冯金超,冯伟,等.毛乌素沙地典型流动沙丘水分深层渗漏量及动态特征[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(2):222-227.
[22] 阿拉木萨,曹静,杨婷婷.一种定量测定沙丘向丘间地水分供给量的观测装置[P].2017,中国,CN206223788U.
[23] 冯起,程国栋.我国沙地水分分布状况及其意义[J].土壤学报,1999,36(2):225-226.
[24] 郝振纯,吕美霞,吕美朝,等.坡度作用下土壤水分时空异质性研究[J].水文,2012,32(2):5-10.
[25] 阿拉木萨,周丽芳.科尔沁沙地流动沙丘土壤水分空间变化特征分析[J].土壤,2011,43(3):392-397.
[26] 曹伟,盛煜,吴吉春,等.青藏高原坡面冻土土壤水分空间变异特性[J].水科学进展,2017,28(1):32-40.
甘公网安备 62010202000688号