利用MERRA-2（The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications，version 2）再分析资料，分析了1980—2017年丝绸之路经济带沿线区域（30°—50°N、10°—110°E）硫酸盐、黑碳、有机碳、沙尘气溶胶的时空分布特征，然后将沙尘分为自然沙尘和人为沙尘，进而计算出自然气溶胶和人为气溶胶在不同季节的空间分布，定量给出了人为气溶胶的贡献。结果表明：在丝绸之路经济带沿线的东欧地区，经济发达、工业活跃，硫酸盐是最主要的气溶胶类型，占总气溶胶光学厚度的64%，总气溶胶光学厚度每年下降0.0035；在地表裸露、沙尘活跃的5个欠发达地区，沙尘是最主要的气溶胶类型，占总气溶胶光学厚度的46%~65%，其中巴基斯坦-印度地区总气溶胶光学厚度每年增加0.0059；人为气溶胶对总气溶胶的平均贡献为62%~65%；6个区域中北非地区人为气溶胶所占比例最小，为32.8%，东欧地区最大，为73.5%；随着人口密度的增加，人为气溶胶的光学厚度也在增加。人为气溶胶占总气溶胶的比例很高，而且与人口密度正相关。
The spatial and temporal distributions of sulfate, black carbon, organic carbon, and dust aerosols over the regions along the Silk Road Economic Belt, with a decreased rate of 0.0035 per year for total AOD. Mineral dust is the dominant aerosol type in five undeveloped regions where were covered with barren soil and accompanied by active dust activities, accounting for 46%-65% of the total AOD. Total AOD increased at a rate of 0.0059 per year over Pakistan-India region and the mean contribution of anthropogenic aerosol ranged between 62% and 65% in four seasons. Among six regions, the contribution of anthropogenic aerosol was the smallest in North Africa with a minimum of 32.8%, and the largest in Eastern Europe with a maximum of 73.5%. The optical depth of anthropogenic aerosols increased with the increase of population density. In summary, our results indicated that anthropogenic aerosols were predominated over the region along the Silk Road Economic Belt throughout the year and were positively related to population density.
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