The composition of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes and spatial distribution regulation in groundwater can provide important theoretical basis for the study of groundwater recharge and better understanding of water circulation. Hence, based on shallow groundwater samples collected in the Shaliu River basin of Qinghai Lake and their corresponding hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions (δD, δ18O) and d-excess data, this paper uses the spatial isolation method and δD-δ18O linear relationship method to study the stable isotope composition, spatial distribution characteristics and groundwater recharge relationship. It turned out that the δ18O and δD values of shallow groundwater range respectively are -8.54‰~-6.02‰ and -58.6‰~-34.6‰, with average values respectively of -6.99‰ and -41.8‰ in the middle and lower reaches of Shaliu river. In addition, the δ18O value is spatially characterized by high altitude in the northwest and middle and low in the north and south. Finally, groundwater is mainly recharged by precipitation in the northwest and central regions, which relationship with river water supply is not obvious. However, the high groundwater isotope values due to single source of recharge and strong evaporation in this region, which relationship between recharge and excretion is mainly of precipitation→ groundwater→ spring water. It is also find that the groundwater is closely related to the water bodies such as precipitation, river water and spring water in the northern and southern parts of the basin, and the low groundwater isotope values in this region because of the smoothing effect of different supply sources, which relationship between recharge and excretion is mainly of precipitation→river water→groundwater→spring water or precipitation→groundwater→spring water→river water.
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