The phenomenon of symbiotic dunes is a hotspot in the aeolian geomorphology field. Nevertheless, there is still lack of further study. In this paper, based on Google Earth satellite imagery, the wind regime and the development environment of the symbiotic area of barchan dunes and linear dunes in Sahara Desert was deeply discussed to explore the possible reasons for the formation of symbiotic dunes. The results showed that there are 17 symbiotic dune areas in Sahara Desert, which is the largest distribution area of symbiotic dunes in the world. Although morphological parameters have a certain correlation both in regional and individual dune, it does not express as well as in theory, which indicating that the factors affecting symbiotic dunes are complex. In low, medium and high wind energy environment and all wind direction variability can develop symbiotic dunes, but they are mainly formed in low wind energy environment, medium wind direction variability and bimodal wind with an acute angle. Single direction of threshold wind is a significant condition for the formation of symbiotic dunes. The direction of drift potential is basically the same as that of the sand dune. Additionally, wind conditions, obstacles such as mountains, coasts and other factors also play an important role in the formation of symbiotic dunes. In the future, the field survey and numerical simulation should be combined to further interpretation the formation of symbiotic dunes. This will improve our understanding in the formation mechanism of symbiotic dunes, and enrich the formation and evolution theory of aeolian landform.
[1] 李振山,倪晋仁.国外沙丘研究综述[J].泥沙研究,2000(5):73-81.
[2] 朱震达.中国沙漠化研究的进展[J].中国沙漠,1989,9(1):4-16.
[3] 王涛,赵哈林,肖洪浪.中国沙漠化研究的进展[J].中国沙漠,1999,19(4):3-15.
[4] 吴正.风沙地貌与治沙工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[5] Lancaster N.Geomorphology of Desert Dunes[M].London,UK:Routledge,1995.
[6] 董治宝.库姆塔格沙漠风沙地貌[M].北京:科学出版社,2011.
[7] Livingstone I,Warren A.Aeolian Geomorphology:An Introduction[M].Essex,UK:Longman,1996.
[8] 徐贵江,董治宝,王中原.柴达木盆地新月形沙丘和线性沙丘共生现象[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(3):407-413.
[9] 马芳,吕萍.新月形沙丘与线性沙丘共存区域风况特征[J].中国沙漠,2019,39(3):98-106.
[10] 鲍锋,董治宝,张正偲.柴达木盆地风沙地貌区风况特征[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(3):549-554.
[11] Rubin D M,Rubin A M.Origin and lateral migration of linear dunes in the Qaidam Basin of NW China revealed by dune sediments,internal structures,and optically stimulated luminescence ages,with implications for linear dunes on Titan:discussion[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of America,2013,125(11/12):1943-1946.
[12] Zhou J,Ying Z,Yuan C.Origin and lateral migration of linear dunes in the Qaidam Basin of NW China revealed by dune sediments,internal structures,and optically stimulated luminescence ages,with implications for linear dunes on Titan[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,2012,124(7/8):1147-1154.
[13] Yu L,Dong Z,Lai Z.Origin and lateral migration of linear dunes in the Qaidam Basin of NW China revealed by dune sediments,internal structures,and optically stimulated luminescence ages,with implications for linear dunes on Titan:comment and discussion[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of America,2013,127(1/2):316-320.
[14] 李超,董治宝,陈国祥,等.柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖北侧沙丘黏性沉积物特征[J].中国沙漠,2018,38(1):68-75.
[15] Zhang Z,Dong Z,Qian G,et al.Formation and development of dunes in the northern Qarhan Desert,central Qaidam Basin,China[J].Geological Journal,2018,53(1):1123-1134.
[16] Lü P,Narteau C,Dong Z,et al.Unravelling raked linear dunes to explain the coexistence of bedforms in complex dunefields[J].Nature Communications,2017,8:14239.
[17] Lü P,Dong Z,Rozier O.The combined effects of sediment availability and wind regime on the morphology of aeolian sand dunes[J].Journal of Geophysical Research:Earth Surface,2018,123(11):2878-2886.
[18] Tucker C J,Nicholson S E.Variations in the Size of the Sahara Desert From 1980 to 1997[J].Ambio,1999,28(7):587-591.
[19] 潘华玲.撒哈拉沙尘的特征[J].内江科技,2008,29(12):16-31.
[20] Fryberger S G.Dune forms and wind regime[M]//McKee E D.A Study of Global Sand Seas.Washington,USA:US Government Printing Office,1979.
[21] Hereher E M.Geomorphology and drift potential of major aeolian sand deposits in Egypt[J].Geomorphology,2018(304):113-120.
[22] 张正偲,董治宝,钱广强,等.腾格里沙漠西部和西南部风能环境与风沙地貌[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(6):1528-1533.
[23] 李爱敏,韩致文.新月形沙丘形态参数与移动速度的关系[J].中国沙漠,2020,40(1):29-40.
[24] 任孝宗,刘陶,王振亭.河西沙区新月形沙丘形态参数观测[J].水土保持研究,2010,17(1):163-166.
[25] Long J T,Sharp R P.Barchan-dune movement in Imperial Valley,California[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1964,75(2):149-156.
[26] 杨岩岩,刘连友,屈志强,等.新月形沙丘研究进展[J].地理科学,2014,34(1):76-83.
[27] 张正偲,董治宝,钱广强,等.腾格里沙漠西部和西南部风能环境与风沙地貌[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(6):1528-1533.
[28] 俎瑞平,张克存,屈建军,等.塔克拉玛干沙漠风况特征研究[J].干旱区地理,2005,28(2):167-170.
[29] 鲍锋.柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖地区风沙地貌发育环境与过程[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2016.
[30] 刘陶,杨小平,董巨峰,等.巴丹吉林沙漠沙丘形态与风动力关系的初步研究[J].中国沙漠,2010,30(6):1285-1291.
[31] 张正偲,董治宝,钱广强,等.腾格里沙漠西部和西南部风能环境与风沙地貌[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(6):1528-1533.
[32] Wasson R J,Hyde R.Factors determining desert dune type[J].Nature,1983,304(5924):337-339.
[33] Bagnold R A.The Physics of Blown Sand and Desert Dunes[M].Netherlands:Springer,1973.
甘公网安备 62010202000688号